Over the years, a high-fat diet has been common among many pregnant individuals. A maternal diet plays a key role into growth and development of the fetus. Dietary fat is an essential nutrient that helps the body function by providing protection, fuel and absorption for cells, tissues and organs. Foods consumed as fat are Triglycerides. The mechanism behind this process is for lipoproteins (LPL) to break the triglycerides into smaller components, as they’ll be absorbed for performing activities, or stored as fat if not directly used. Frequently consuming a HFD is known to raise blood lipid levels such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) that promotes the risk of developing coronary illnesses. At the same time, levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are being decreased that helps prevent coronary and other …show more content…
Their body structures are similar in many ways to humans. The evidence within the studies thoroughly explained how overconsumption of triglycerides negatively influenced different areas in the placenta that effects the fetus. Constant increased levels of triglycerides are linked to placental destruction by forming blood clots within the vessels leading to insufficient oxygen and blood supply that’s critical for the fetus. As recalled, this increases the risk of developing chronic illnesses or in this case, interferes with growth and development. However, there seems to be unknown mechanisms of increased activity of the placental, although the presence of high lipids is a common
The unknown bacterium that was handed out by the professor labeled “E19” was an irregular and raised shaped bacteria with a smooth texture and it had a white creamy color. The slant growth pattern was filiform and there was a turbid growth in the broth. After all the tests were complete and the results were compared the unknown bacterium was defined as Shigella sonnei. The results that narrowed it down the most were the gram stain, the lactose fermentation test, the citrate utilization test and the indole test. The results for each of the tests performed are listed in Table 1.1 below.
Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to have a better understanding of the internal and external anatomy. The reasons for performing this lab is that pigs are similar to humans because they have skin, omnivores and as fetus they receive nutrients from an umbilical cord connected to the mother. As well as the similarities to human organ systems. The hypothesis of this lab is if the fetal pig has a similar organ system of a human and assuming those organs will be in the same locations as in a human then the organ systems should operate in the same fashion. Based on what I’ve learned from this lab and what I’ve learned during lecture I predict that the fetal pigs nervous and circulatory system would operate and look the same way as in a human.
The article “The Skinny on Low-fat Diets” by Alan Ling is about the drawbacks of low-fat diets. The author talks about how low-fat diets don’t necessarily work and uses facts to strengthen her claim. One of the ways the author strengthen their claim is by showing the other side of the argument. The author includes this information to strengthen her claim and show readers that they can defend their argument from others.
...heir diet during their pregnancy to treat all types of ailments. It is important to rule out any side effects, drug interactions or harm if any associated during pregnancy.
Hypercholesterolemia is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol is a waxy fat-like substance and is a major class of lipid, so it gets into the blood by lipoproteins [1]. A high level of lipoproteins is unhealthy. A high level can result in an elevated risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease [2]. The high levels of lipoproteins are often influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors such as obesity or dieting habits [2]. High cholesterol can be caused by mutations in the following genes: APOB, LDLR, LDLRAP1, and PCSK9 [3]. Mutations in the LDLR gene are responsible for causing familial hypercholesterolemia, which is the most commonly seen form of inherited high cholesterol [3]. The LDLR gene contains instructions for making LDL receptors or low-density lipoprotein receptors. LDL receptors play critical roles in regulating levels of cholesterol in the blood by removing low-density lipoproteins from the bloodstream. Mutations in the LDLR gene can make the amount of LDL receptors produced less than normal or affect their job of removing the low-density lipoproteins in the blood [4]. People who have these mutations will have higher levels of cholesterol. There are many ways that the environment can affect the levels of cholesterol in the blood. Reducing the amount of dietary fat you consume lowers the total amount of cholesterol in the blood [5]. Sucrose and fructose can raise the amount of LDL in the blood. Reducing fatty foods will however lower the amount of LDL [5]. Having a healthy body and maintaining physical exercise plays a key role in keeping your cholesterol at a healthy level. If you are overweight or obese you can lower your cholesterol levels by simply losing ...
There are many factors that are integrated into the successful development of a child from Prenatal growth into toddlerhood. Teratogens (outside factors) have a great impact on the babies’ inutero development. Some outside factors like second-hand smoke, smog, or fumes from cleaning chemicals can cause negative effects on the child inside the womb. A few major affects from teratogens could result in low birth weight, head circumference, slow physical growth as well as an effect on mental, behavioral and motor skills (Berk, 2003). The environment around the mother provides many of these outside factors affecting the baby’s growth. But the main link to teratogens during the gestation period is most likely the mother. Daniel S. Messinger and the National Institute on Drug Abuse found that 2.8% of pregnant women admitted to using illicit drugs during their pregnancy (1996). Through illicit drug use, tobacco use and alcohol use, the mother disrupts her baby’s growth with possibly permanent damage.
Childbirth is nothing short of a miracle. The placenta—the organ connecting a developing fetus to the uterine wall and allowing for waste elimination, nutrient uptake and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply—filters most harmful substances that threaten an embryo, though some may still pass on to the fetus. These harmful substances, called “teratogens,” range from environmental chemicals to the passing of maternal diseases, and can negatively impact the normal developmental cycle of a fetus. The title “teratogen,” however, effectually refers to any substance or chemical exposure with the potential to cause birth defects in prenatal development. Exposure to teratogens can result in a broad spectrum of physiological and psychological issues in later life, including malformations of the body. (Malformations resulting from exposure to one of the most common teratogens—alcohol—can be observed notoriously in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, or FAS, where patterns of mental and physical defects develop in association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.) Though the toxicity of these teratogens is particularly damaging during the fourth through tenth weeks of gestation, teratogens can harm throughout the span of development in the womb.
Association of Placenta Preparation Arts board member Nikole Keller says, “the placenta is often referred to as a filter; this isn’t an ideal term for the placenta considering its function in the body… A more suitable way of looking at it would be as a gate keeper between the mother and the fetus. The placenta’s job is to keep the maternal and fetal blood separate, at the same time allowing nutrients to pass to the fetus, gas exchange to occur, and allowing waste from the fetus to pass through the mother, . The placenta does prevent some toxins from passing through to the fetus but they are not stored in the placenta. Toxins in the body and waste from the fetus are processed by the mother’s liver and kidneys for elimination”
Stanner, S. (2005). Safe Diet for Pregnancy. In B. Caballero, L. Allen, & A. Prentice (Eds.),
The purpose of this study is to analyze the preventative effects of folic acid supplementation during preconception and pregnancy in women. Folic acid supplementation is a standard recommendation among a variety of vitamins and minerals during preconception and is said to prevent congenital defects, primarily neural tube defects in children. However, various studies suggest that folic acid supplementation is not directly correlated with the prevention of neural tube defects, but other factors such as socioeconomic status, healthcare, and education come into play (Banhidy, 2011). The use of folic acid to prevent neural tube defects is widely accepted and recommended by health professionals and researchers alike; delving deeper into this practice would be helpful in determining its effectiveness. The use of FA in early pregnancy and its association with 70% reduction risk of NTDs was studied. Faucher (2013) found that high maternal education level and low BMI lowers the risk of NTDs. Many research articles urge the use of folic acid supplementation during preconception in women because it was found that its use prevents the risk of NTDs. Researchers also suggest that folate has had a beneficial role in pregnant women and implies that it prevents the risk of NTDs in expectant mothers (Stamm & Houghton, 2013). FA supplementation and promotion towards mothers from healthcare professionals are also significant factors in NTD risk prevention (Tort, et. al, 2013). However, correlation does not imply causation and that some findings cannot establish causality (Berry, 2013). The goal of this research is to analyze the effects of folic acid and the research that contradicts its assumed preventative effects.
...n level in the blood which is hyperbilirubinemia. The woman’s baby may be at risk for also developing diabetes and obesity. If you have had gestational diabetes you are at a higher risk for developing it again during future pregnancies.
Obesity is characterized by comparing height and weight measurement to determine a Body Mass Index as normal, overweight or obese. African- American women maintain the highest rates of obesity, infant mortality and pre-term births in comparison to non-Hispanic Caucasian women (Isaac & Thomas, 2013). According to the text Race, Ethnicity and Health, obesity rates for African-American women between ages two to nineteen was 24%, and obesity rates for Caucasians was 14%. Considering these facts, many women are unaware of the adverse effects that becoming pregnant with high BMI indexes or gaining too much weight during pregnancy can have on the fetus and the mother. It is important for women to understand what a healthy amount of weight to gain based on their personal proportions. “The recommended gain for women of normal size (BMI 19.8- 26) is 11.5- 16kg; for women with low BMI (below 19.8), the recommended gain is 12.5- 18 kg; where, for women with a high BMI (above 26-29), it is 7-11.5 kg. The target gain for obese women (BMI above 29) is at least 6.8 kg” (Hickey, 1997). Also not gaining enough weight can have adverse effects on the fetus. The high prevalence of gestational obesity in the African American community would be beneficial to educate women on the detrimental life span idiopathic diseases that affect infants, complicate pregnancies and deliveries through individual readiness plans at a local community health center.
There are many causes affect to the LBW, one of that is deficiency of micronutrients of pregnant women. Micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals are essential elements for normal body function and growth. During pregnancy, nutrient requirement is increased when developing the fetal, placenta and also important to maternal growth. The impact of micronutrients deficiency on pregnancy is associated with increased maternal morbidity and mortality, abortion, low b...
One of the primary prevention methods in maternal health is the utilization of prenatal care. During the provision of prenatal care, a healthcare provider counsels and discusses information with the expecting mother. Conversations about smoking and alcohol use, what to expect during pregnancy, when to seek help, and limitations on activities are put in place (Kirkham, Harris, & Grzybowski, 2005). Discussions about possible complications and potential warning signs are also an important part of prenatal education. Providing supplements, such as, calcium (1,000 to 1,300 mg per day), folic acid (0.4 to 0.8 mg), and iron (30 mg per day) to an expecting mother is also an important part of primary prevention, as they aid in the fight against blood pressure disorders, anemias, and defects in the unborn child (Kirkham, Harris, & Grzybowski, 2005). Additionally, the vaccination of expecting mothers has been shown to keep mothers and the unborn child healthy during pregnancy. Certain vaccinations, such as Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) and inactivated influenza vaccinations, have been shown to be protective to the fetus, as the mother’s antibodies against the disease are transferred to the unborn child (Esposito et al., 2012).
Obese pregnant women find it more challenging to practice physical activity than others .Obesity can have great importance during ...