Since Egaz Moni created lobotomy as invasive surgical technique to treat certain mental illnesses, rivers of ink have run for and against it. Originally, the new therapy was adopted heartily by those who wanted to get rid of headaches ... this is, other people, of course: Do I have a rebellious son or a daughter? Lobotomy! My niece is a bit frivolous, and my sister does not know what to do with her? Lobotomy! My wife is very jealous? Lobotomy! My mother-in-law tortures my life? Lobotomy! In the U.S., a country that always to adopt new everything (if work, it is good), it came as between 40,000 and 50,000 surgeries. American lobotomy had even famous names like Kennedy. Rosemary, daughter of Joseph, the founder of the eponymous clan, had the misfortune of being born with a little less intelligence than her most brilliant brothers. His pragmatic and worthy father, unable to bear the shame, ordered this surgery for her. The poor Rosie was fool for the rest of her long life, but the honorable Joseph could engage, quiet and carefree, to his businesses, increased the financial and political power of the family and, incidentally, cultivates torrid romances with actresses of Hollywood.
Unfortunately, the lobotomy began to be reviled, especially from the unsubtle practices of Walter Freeman. This animal (do not worry, please, he was not a doctor, so we are not offending that honorable profession) used an ice pick to perform the surgery. It was a little late for the lobotomized people, but too early for Freeman and others, that lacked time to make more money. In the end, the fashionable “lobotomic” surgery, and the future global solutions involved were sadly aborted. The progress of science has always suffered setbacks because of well-in...
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...he corrupt system that wants to destroy. They will waste their time, thinking those things will change the world, while we will do the true change to our advantage. At the same time, we prevent them to know the true expression of freedom and, above all, the most effective ways to transform beneficially the current world.
Previously proposed guidelines do not cover the entire spectrum of guidance that we intend to appear in the Manual. We expect the intelligent input of each of the members of our venerable Society. We understand that the "lobotomization" of future generations must be the most sacred object of our existence. We will control the humanity, and build a new world order, a sophisticated version of Circe’s pigs, synthesizing dialectically "Brave New World" and "1984." Aldous Huxley and George Orwell will be eternally horrified, and the Fates will envy us.
Lobotomies were traditionally used to remedy patients with psychological illnesses and behavioral disorders; in the 1950s, they were mainly phased out and substituted with medications, talk therapy, and other methods of dealing. As an overall decree, lobotomies are not carried out today, and many people reason that they are essentially quite brutal. When performed effectively, a lobotomy could bring about significant behavioral modifications for the patient. For psychotic patients, lobotomies were sometimes favorable, relaxing the patient so that he or she could live a somewhat average life. Lobotomies are also notorious for producing a lifeless affect and general reduced responsiveness; this was viewed as an advantage of the lobotomy over all by some supporters of the surgery. Nonetheless, lobotomies can in addition go very wrong. The brain is a tremendously elusive and very intricate organ, and in the era when lobotomies were performed, people were not familiar with much about the brain, as they did not have the assistance of a wide variety of scientific equipment to visualize the brain and its behaviors. At its worst, a lobotomy could be fatal, but it could also cause severe brain damage, ensuing in what was in essence mental retardation of the patient. Patients could also fall into comas and persistent vegetative states after lobotomies. The lobotomy is now thought
One of the most famous forms of a cure during the 1930s was a surgery called Lobotomy. “Lobotomy, also known as leucotomy which mean cut/slice white in Greek, or its nickname of ice pick, is a neurosurgical operation that involves severing connection in the brain’s prefrontal lobe” according to Freeman. Lobotomy was performed by
“How Lobotomies Work.” HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks.com, 27 Oct. 2008. Web. 28 Mar. 2014.
A large concern of the field of neurobiology seems to be finding and understanding a connection between the structure and function of the nervous system. What tangible system of tissues is responsible for creating a given perceived output? Some outputs can be more easily traced back to a specific 'motor symphony' and the involved structures isolated. This problem has obsessed generations of scientists. One of the first of this generation of researcher was F.J. Gall who promoted the idea that observable features of the brain could lead to an understanding of specific traits of action (7). Gall's greatest opponent, Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens published research on localization of function and among his findings was evidence for sensory perception in certain sub-cortical structures (7). However, when Flourens examined the cerebrum he did not get such clean results. He found that damage to the cerebrum would not compromise specific abilities in the patient based on area, but incapacitate the patient in different ways based on the extent of the created lesion. In other words, damage to the cerebrum effected a diminution of 'higher mental faculties' such as "perception intellect and will" according to how great the lesion actually was, not according to where in the hemispheres it occurred (7). His conclusion proposed these higher mental faculties as existing throughout the structures of the cerebrum, and not isolated as with sensory perception. How is it possible to attribute, say elements of personality to a specific structure? Is their a region of the brain responsible for the way we are? A 'nice' region, an 'angry' gland? Here we encounter the ever ephemeral concept of where the I-function lies within the nervous system.
(Attention getter) Every two seconds, someone in the United States needs blood. That’s a lot of blood. Blood is scary, and blood always seems to make situations worse than it really is. Trust me, it happened to me personally. But if you think about it, blood is everything. There are many things about phlebotomy, yet not a lot of people know about them. (Thesis) Coming from a family with a bit of history in the medical fields, this topic easily made me curious and I wanted to know more. (Preview three main ideas) And now, I want you guys to know a little bit as well, as I will explain a brief history of phlebotomy. Second, I will share how phlebotomy is today. Lastly, I will share some education courses that would be helpful to become a successful phlebotomy technician. But don’t worry; there won’t be any blood in this speech, so there’s nothing to worry about.
The early history of mental illness is bleak. The belief that anyone with a mental illness was possessed by a demon or the family was being given a spiritual was the reason behind the horrific treatment of those with mental illness. These individuals were placed into institutions that were unhygienic and typically were kept in dark, cave like rooms away from people in the outside world. The institutions were not only dark and gross; they also used inhumane forms of treatment on their patients. Kimberly Leupo, discusses some of the practices that were used, these included may types of electro shocks, submitting patients to ice bath, as well as many other horrific events (Leupo). Lobotomies, which are surgical procedures that cut and scrape different connections in the brain, were very common practice. They were thought to help cure mental illness, but often ended up with more damage than good.
The treatment involved passing electrical currents through the brain which would trigger a small seizure and ease the symptoms of certain mental illnesses, however the procedure was used without anesthesia and caused the patient to jerk uncontrollably, this treatment would sometimes result in fractures, memory loss, and other side effects. The treatment is still used today, although with much weaker currents and anesthesia. Another popular treatment used in the asylums was the injection of insulin into a patient to induce a coma. This treatment was thought to reset an individual’s brain and bring them back to “normal”, however, insulin coma therapy proved to be not very effective and was phased out in the 1960s. One of the most inhumane treatments for the mentally ill was the lobotomy, or the prefrontal leucotomy. This surgical procedure involved opening a hole in the head to sever nerve pathways in the prefrontal cortex. The lobotomy was performed at least 15,000 times in Britain before being phased out in the late 1950s. Another type of brain surgery discussed in the film, was one done on patient, Maggi Chapman, who underwent a surgery in which an electrode was attached to a part of her brain and then turned on to fry that part of the brain. Maggi goes on to describe how the next few years she felt like a zombie and had a difficult time going through life (BBC,
That is the media, people 's mind and way of thinking has been "brainwashed" by the media. People think that the citizens of the "second world countries." have not much freer because of totalitarian control and strong military rule. They are mainly targeting countries such as, "Russia, China, and North Korea" just because of these countries are their political rivals. However, there is some totalitarian control and militarism inside these state 's political system. In reality, those countries have the very stable social society, such as low criminal activity and stable economic conditions. Since a lot of people with don 't have 'freedom '. A state with the rotten system to control their people can also refer as "fake democracy." The rotten system makes the mistake of thinking that human nature is the same as material nature. There is a material aspect of human life and there is a place for the law not in morality. the rotten system of some countries "fake democracy," So do the people of these countries, like the citizens of the USA, really have freedom? Or European nation. Sometimes the people of these countries are more likely to get brainwashed by their political system. The protestor gets harshly beaten by police, etc. In this essay, I am not talking as an "Opposition" perspective. However the truth, we need to change this factor, so people will understand the true
Danvers, an insane asylum in Boston, Massachusetts was the rumored birthplace of the procedure known as lobotomy (Taylor). Dr. Walter Freeman studied lobotomy, and he was the first to practice the procedure. Lobotomy began with electric shock to the forehead. Then the eye lids were folded back and an ice pick was used to sever the frontal lobes. The patient would have black eyes after this awful procedure. This was supposed to cure an insane person (“YouTube”).
Do you know why the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from the Diagnostic and Statistical? I didn’t know that lesbians, gays, and bisexuals were being forced by psychiatrists to undergo hospitalizations, aversions therapy, and electroshock therapy. This information got me researching future on the harsh reality of the past. What I know it, the treatments that were used back then was unethical can caused more damage than a cure, such as the transorbital lobotomy therapy. This article, Shock the Gay Away: Secrets of Early Gay Aversion Therapy Revealed (PHOTOS), speaks of the world now Doctor in the 40s that would perform a transorbital lobotomy. This doctor name is Dr. Walter Freeman; Dr. Walter Freeman would use a toothpick
The World State also uses controlled groupings of people to brainwash them further into thoughtless people with no sense of individualism. Lastly, the World State uses drugs to create artificial happiness for people, leaving no room for intense emotion which causes people to revolt against the World State. Within the novel Brave New World, it is seen that the World State eliminates individuality through social restrictions, government controlled groupings and the abuse of drugs to maintain control of the population. Social restriction robs individuals of their creative personalities by preventing freedom of thought, behavior, and expression; but is vital to the World State for maintaining complete control over the society. Social restriction’s purpose is to enforce obedience, conformity and compliance out of people.
The two controversial topics discussed below share a single goal: to enhance the quality of life of a human individual. The first topic, transhumanism, is a largely theoretical movement that involves the advancement of the human body through scientific augmentations of existing human systems. This includes a wide variety of applications, such as neuropharmacology to enhance the function of the human brain, biomechanical interfaces to allow the human muscles to vastly out-perform their unmodified colleagues, and numerous attempts to greatly extend, perhaps indefinitely, the human lifespan. While transhumanist discussion is predominantly a thinking exercise, it brings up many important ethical dilemmas that may face human society much sooner than the advancements transhumanism desires to bring into reality. The second topic, elective removal of healthy limbs at the request of the patient, carries much more immediate gravity. Sufferers of a mental condition known as Body Integrity Identity Disorder seek to put to rest the disturbing disconnect between their internal body image and their external body composition. This issue is often clouded by sensationalism and controversy in the media, and is therefore rarely discussed in a productive manner (Bridy). This lack of discussion halts progress and potentially limits citizens' rights, as legislation is enacted without sufficient research. The primary arguments against each topic are surprisingly similar; an expansion on both transhumanism and elective amputation follows, along with a discussion of the merit of those arguments. The reader will see how limits placed on both transhumanism and elective amputation cause more harm to whole of human society than good.
In these four books all of the characters are relatable to each and myself to some extent. For example in Lef to Tell, Immaculee Ilibagiza might not be relatable to me by the things she went through but her personality. She is a strong willed woman who fears of losing her family and is confused on what is going on. She doesn’t let anyone tell her any different about herself and she fights for what she believes is the right thing to do. In My Lobotomy by Howard Dully, he is a lost soul, he is by himself fighting through all the struggle that he has been through . He has lost anyone in his life who has truly cared for him. This is a reflection of me because I know how it feels to be by yourself and alone, with no one around to guide or even
In a dystopian society where a government has the power to remain unquestioned as it rules with an iron fist, conformity prevails. While societies suggest that burning books and taking daily intervals of drugs will cure the world of all of its problems, those who comply are instead blindly supporting their government’s beliefs while being stripped of their freedoms and identities. Without the ability to express individuality through thoughts and opinions and experience emotions, people live in a society where their knowledge is fueled by propaganda and where they are unaware of reality and what it means to be an individual. The society controls what its people see and believe; without a way to revolt, many learn to tolerate the lives they have.
With what was performed of the inhumane surgeries, treatments also involved rest and sleep therapy. This is going the more human and careful approach, where the public’s view of mental health treatment would appreciate more. But still trying to fully figure out what psychosurgery was all about as well as trying to understand more fully the brain, as quoted by an author that was cited by Dartmouth, “In this therapeutic and theoretical vacuum, almost any treatment was tried.” (Valenstein, 1986 as cited by Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science, April 8, 2008). The different types of psychosurgery are here today due to the many treatments that emerged from doctors and researchers from the