Background
Maritime security traditionally focuses on maritime disputes, naval competition, Sea lines of communication (SLOCs), War at sea . The modern maritime securities after the cold war and 9/11 have been significantly changing and more complex, which is involving worldwide collaboration and mutual understanding .
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) has been managing maritime issues fundamentally for years and acceptable as the basic convention on solving maritime dilemmas. Not only dispute among states but also managing sea resources among states. Remarkably, maritime issues have been developing into more complex and complicated regarding the modernization, globalization and transnational problems. This convention alone is not enough to provide complete guidance to manage the confronting interests on the sea.
The Law of the Sea framework satisfactory to address contemporary maritime security issues, especially on security measurements are questionable regarding the legal and consistency framework of security initiatives with LOSC, particularly whilst the agreements deal with political, legal and financial factors.
The 9/11 tragedy becomes a pivotal point to maritime security regulation regarding the fearful theory of next devastating attack from terrorist will occur from the sea . To prevent the threats, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has issued several regulations concerning on maritime safety and security . International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code is one of the most fashionable and revolutionary systems in the evolution of shipping industry security . The U.S established several security preventive policies such as the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), Cont...
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...2008, p. 8.
Department of Homeland Security, “ Implementation of National Maritime Security Initiatives”, Federal Register, Rules and Regulations, Vol. 68, No. 204, October 22, 2003 ,p.,60448 cited in Sean D. Murphy P, United States Practice in International Law, Volume 2; Volumes 2002-2004 Cambridge university press, new York, 2005,p .130
Donna J, Nincic., “The Challenge of Maritime Terrorism: Threat Identification, WMD and Regime Response”, The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 28 No. 4, 2005, pp. 635-636.
Friedman, Benjamin, “The Proliferation Security Initiative: The Legal Challenge”, Bipartisan Security Group Policy Brief, September 4,2003,pp.2-3.
Grewal, Devinder, “The ISPS Code: The Australian Experience and Perspective” in Rupert Herbert-Burns, Sam Bateman and Peter Lehr,eds., “Lloyd’s MIU Handbook of Maritime Security”, Ch.23, pp. 327-335.
Under the UN 1982 treaty, a state’s territorial sea extends twelve nautical miles from the national coastline (Slomanson 305). Within this area, Ecuador exercises its sovereignty over these waters as if it were a landmass (Slomanson 305). All aspects of the sea are under its control, including the seabed and airspace. Furthermore, Ecuador is allowed to impose laws that regulate the territory and consume resources that lie inside this defined area. Within this territorial sea, Ecuador “must exercise its sovereign power in this adjacent strip of water” (Slomanson 305). Additionally, Ecuador is expected to chart this water and to provide warning of navigational hazards (Slomanson 305). However, Ecuador did not act upon this and was “lax in enforcing it”. In 1951, the International Court of Justice issued this statement in response to a ruling:
United Nations , "United Nations and Convention on the Law of the Sea:Division for Ocean Affairs and the LAw of the Sea." Accessed November 27, 2013. http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/UNCLOS-TOC.htm.
As the U.S. maintains focus on the threat of armed conflict and maritime threats in the region, al-Shabaab continues to pose a threat through weapons trade. According to the U.N. Secur...
Sherill, C. W. (2012). Why Iran Wants the Bomb And What. Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 19, No. 1, March 2012 , 32-49.
For the past 200 years, Colombia and Nicaragua have been disputing ownership over the maritime border near San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina. After originally being under Colombian control, the ICJ extended Nicaragua’s maritime borders. However, Nicaragua’s intentions are purely economic while Colombia’s are more vested in the culture and wellbeing of both the natives and the environment. Therefore, the ICJ should return the maritime sovereignty to Colombia.
Modern piracy has touched nearly every corner of the globe and has increased with globalization. The tentacles of piracy now extend from South America to the South China Sea. The greatest numbers of piracy incidents occur along maritime commercial trade routes. Since China dominates the world’s container shipping industry, the South China Sea has become a hotspot for piracy (Kraska 2011). The prominence of cargo activity increases opportunity for pirates and indisputably triggered the sixty- nine incidents of piracy that were reported in 2009 in the South China Sea (Kraska 2011).
Wendt, Alexander. “Constructing International Politics.” International Security. Cambridge: President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. 71-81. Print.
INTRODUCTION : a brief overview of the current situation regarding the security issue in the Pacific region
This report provides an analysis and recommendation of current issues faced by Singapore-based Meli Marine, a leading container shipping company in the intra-Asian market, weather gain a presence in the Asia-North America trade routes through an acquisition of 16 vessels of Teeh-Sah Holdings. On the surface, this opportunity would expands Meli’s business and diversify it’s operations and provide a protect function against a downturn in intra-Asian market. But, this oppotunity will bring Meli lots of economic risks. It would return Meli to its former less flexible model with owning vessels also. I recommend that Meli giving up this opportunity and keeping going current excellent customer service then gradually into TransPacific
Grouchier, C & Walton, L. 2013. The maritime world: The Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean World. Vol 2. London & New York.
The smaller navies of the world usually consist of warships, smaller boats like patrol boats, missile boats, and minesweepers. The main objective fo...
NATO, which stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization was established on 4th April 1949 after the World War II, as an active and leading contributor to international peace and security by creating a political and military alliance among the countries. At the beginning the alliance consisted of 12 countries and later it was widely spread to 28 countries from Western Europe and North America, situating the headquarters in Brussels, Belgium considering that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America as an attack against them all. NATO uses English and French as official languages. The motto of NATO is “Animus in Consulendo Liber”
...li, Brita. "Defender of the Seas." E: The Environmental Magazine 23.1 (2012): 18-25. Academic Search Premier. Web. 30 Oct. 2013.
Michael D. Greenberg, Peter Chalk, Henry H. Willis, Ivan Khilko, Davis S. Ortiz, “Maritime Terrorism: Risk and Liability,” (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2006)
Currently, International system is focusing on issues related with maritime security. Maritime security coxncern with threats that prevail in the maritime domain (Klein 2011; Kraska and Pedrozo 2013; Roach 2004; Vrey 2010, 2013). These threats include interstate-dispute, terrorism, piracy, drugs trafficking, people and illicit foods, arms proliferation, illegal fishing, environmental crimes, as well as accidents and disaster which happen in maritime domain. Thus, generally, maritime security can be defined as the absence of those threats. Meanwhile, there is an argument that inter-states dispute should be categorized as national security instead of maritime security. Thus, there is another definition of maritime security which define maritime security as good or stable order at sea (Till 2004; Vrey 2010; Kraska and Pedrozo 2013: 1). The definition of maritime security from one to another is different as the scope of maritime security is broad and each actor has different point of view on the issue. There is no universal legal definition about maritime security. The United Nation itself only