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Aboriginal history culture
The effects of genocide in general
Aboriginal history culture
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Genocide is a prominent obstruction to First nation and Aboriginal Culture. Throughout history it has proved to be a topic of terror and a harsh reality that no way of life should feel they must come to terms with. Rather, genocide is a repulsive divertissement that feeds the needs of the traditionalistic supremacist. These movements prey off of the fear that they acquire, and the terror that they procure. “The fact that we were unconsciously part of a plan to weaken and cross out the Indianness in you, to pattern your land with our grain and beets and corn and alfalfa now clearly hits me. It is like a blow to the gut to learn that the years spent on the reservation, the times wading in the Wind River, were not the free years of childhood, but the manipulations of a power hungry to exonerate itself, to free itself, to purge the treaties of any real meaning or responsibility. They stole from me my innocence, leaving me a co-conspirator, an enemy to the children I grew with ton the prairie, drove us apart when we could have and should have forged an alliance for our own survival. The force of this unremitting design has killed many of my friends and acquaintances and left me forever with a feeling of unintentional complicity and sadness.” (Wind River, Wunder) The obscene fact of the matter was that the hunted felt they were in the wrong. Through suppression and unconscious objectification they began to feel diseased, erroneous, and worthless. Whether it be secluded from society, killed openly, or robbed of simple human rights, it became evident that what was happening was wrong. The only way that these crimes were ever brought to light was when and if someone became proactive. The way to catch the public’s eye was not through ... ... middle of paper ... ...Centre. Peter Hinton, n.d. Web. 3 Apr. 2011. . Sharma, B.R.. "Cultural Preservation Reconsidered." Critique of Anthropology 19 (1999): 53 - 61 . College of Anthropology . Web. 2 Apr. 2011. Skloot, Robert . "Theatrical Images of Genocide." Human Rights Quarterly 12.2 (1990): 185 - 201 . Johns Hopkins University Press. Web. 5 Apr. 2011. Spears, Shandra. "Re-Constructing the Colonizer: Self-representation by First Nations Artists ." ATLANTIS 29.2 (2005): 1 - 18 . Print. Whittaker, Robin C.. "Fusing the Nuclear Community: Intercultural Memory, Hiroshima 1945 and the Chronotopic Dramaturgy of Marie Clements’s Burning Vision." Theatre Research in Canada 30.1 (2009): 129 - 151. Print. Wolfe, Patrick. "Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native." Journal of Genocide Research 8.4 (2006): 387 - 409 . Print.
The article “Andrew Jackson's Indian Policy: A Reassessment” for this assignment, written by F. P. Prucha, shows that even though most people believe that our seventh president, Andrew Jackson, was an Indian hater whose presidency was defined by an anti-Indian doctrine which allowed the “trail of tears”, a mass deportation of the Florida Indians to the West of the Mississippi River, Jackson did not bear personal hatred against Native Americans. The author claims that Jackson as a military man, he had a dominant goal in the decades before he became President to preserve the security and wellbeing of the United States and its Indian and white inhabitants. Jackson was genuinely concerned for the well-being of the Indians and for their civilization
Native American’s place in United States history is not as simple as the story of innocent peace loving people forced off their lands by racist white Americans in a never-ending quest to quench their thirst for more land. Accordingly, attempts to simplify the indigenous experience to nothing more than victims of white aggression during the colonial period, and beyond, does an injustice to Native American history. As a result, historians hoping to shed light on the true history of native people during this period have brought new perceptive to the role Indians played in their own history. Consequently, the theme of power and whom controlled it over the course of Native American/European contact is being presented in new ways. Examining the evolving
of Native American Culture as a Means of Reform,” American Indian Quarterly 26, no. 1
Although the work is 40 years old, “Custer Died for Your Sins” is still relevant and valuable in explaining the history and problems that Indians face in the United States. Deloria’s book reveals the White view of Indians as false compared to the reality of how Indians are in real life. The forceful intrusion of the U.S. Government and Christian missionaries have had the most oppressing and damaging affect on Indians. There is hope in Delorias words though. He believes that as more tribes become more politically active and capable, they will be able to become more economically independent for future generations. He feels much hope in the 1960’s generation of college age Indians returning to take ownership of their tribes problems and build a better future for their children.
Although the work is 40 years old, “Custer Died for Your Sins” is still relevant and valuable in explaining the history and problems that Indians face in the United States. Deloria book reveals the Whites view of Indians as false compared to the reality of how Indians are in real life. The forceful intrusion of the U.S. Government and Christian missionaries have had the most oppressing and damaging effect on Indians. There is hope in Delorias words though. He believes that as more tribes become more politically active and capable, they will be able to become more economically independent for future generations. He feels much hope in the 1960’s generation of college age Indians returning to take ownership of their tribes problems.
“Quantie’s weak body shuddered from a blast of cold wind. Still, the proud wife of the Cherokee chief John Ross wrapped a woolen blanket around her shoulders and grabbed the reins.” Leading the final group of Cherokee Indians from their home lands, Chief John Ross thought of an old story that was told by the chiefs before him, of a place where the earth and sky met in the west, this was the place where death awaits. He could not help but fear that this place of death was where his beloved people were being taken after years of persecution and injustice at the hands of white Americans, the proud Indian people were being forced to vacate their lands, leaving behind their homes, businesses and almost everything they owned while traveling to an unknown place and an uncertain future. The Cherokee Indians suffered terrible indignities, sickness and death while being removed to the Indian territories west of the Mississippi, even though they maintained their culture and traditions, rebuilt their numbers and improved their living conditions by developing their own government, economy and social structure, they were never able to return to their previous greatness or escape the injustices of the American people.
“The biggest of all Indian problems is the Whiteman (Basso pg. 3).” The elusive Whitman is not a recent problem for the American Indians. For the Western Apache this problem first came to light in 1853 after the Gadsden Purchase was finalized. The Whitemen invaded the western Apache’s Arizona territory not with peace, but with demands and open hostility. Thus began a brutal thirty year war that led to Apache defeat (Basso pg. 24). The creation of reservations in 1872 was not enough for the Whitemen. They also created an assimilation program for the Western Apache because acclimating one’s self to Anglo American society was a necessity for survival.
Robbins Burling, David F. Armstrong, Ben G. Blount, Catherine A. Callaghan, Mary Lecron Foster, Barbara J. King, Sue Taylor Parker, Osamu Sakura, William C. Stokoe, Ron Wallace, Joel Wallman, A. Whiten, Sherman Wilcox and Thomas Wynn. Current Anthropology, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Feb., 1993), pp. 25-53
A lot of young Native Americans were assimilated through education as they are still in adolescents and could be easily shaped into the government’s ideal citizen. In a presidential message to Congress, President Chester Arthur reaches out to reform the Indian Policy Reform by saying, “...there is reason to believe that the Indians in large numbers would be persuaded to sever their tribal relations and to engage at once in agricultural pursuits.”(Arthur, 1881) By disconnecting Native Americans from their culture, the government was able to have control over the Native Americans and how they lived their lives. This is comparative to the Eastman’s experience as he was disconnected to his tribal heritage by having his hair cut and leaving his tribe to go to an Native American industrial
...reat natives and their homeland throughout decades. Measures taken by a president and lack of by a federal court resulted in a hopeless Cherokee nation. Along the Trail, they were faced with starvation, disease, exposure, and death. By no fault of their own, they were misrepresented and mishandled. Historian Richard White sums up the matter in this: “What the Cherokees ultimately are, they may be Christian, they may be literate, they may have a government like ours, but ultimately they are Indian. And in the end, being Indian is what kills them."
Anderson, George M. "Roots of Genocide." American Magazine. The National Catholic Review, 9 Feb. 2009. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. .
Springer, Jane. Genocide: A Groundwork Guide. Toronto, Ontario: Groundwood Books / House of Anansi Press, 2006. (Accessed March 7, 2014).
In the 1830’s President Andrew Jackson demanded that all of the Cherokee Indians must leave the land they have called home for thousands of years. They are faced with the decision to either leave, and make a dangerous journey west, or rebel against the government, and accept the consequences. The Cherokee have the best chance of survival if they accept their new tribal lands and move west, because If they resist the government and stay in their original lands, they will be punished by the United States, and if the Cherokee move west, the United States will pay them and give them many valuable resources.
“Genocide: Worse than War” is a documentary that covers the horrors of genocide throughout the years of human existence, and a criticism of the concept that one person or group of people perpetrate mass killings. The narrator and documentarian, Daniel Goldhagen, takes an interesting perspective, as his father is a survivor from the Holocaust. His father says of genocide “Nothing is inevitable… leaders choose to initiate killings and ordinary citizens choose to condone it” (00:08). This is the problem that Goldhagen addresses throughout the film, and suggests that just as it happened in Nazi Germany, it continues to happen around the world today, unnoticed, and entirely ignored by the organizations who have pledged to resist anything similar. Goldhagen states that in recent human history, over 100 million people have lost their lives to the atrocities of genocide, more than those who have died in combat (00:04). The leaders of these nations engrain a mentality of separation, of “us versus them”, and use
Boas, F. (1930). Anthropology. In, Seligman, E. R. A. ed., Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences. Macmillan: New York.