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Diversity or rather, the lack of understanding diversity may be one of the most prevalent issues in the world today. Though the World Wide Web has bridged the cultural gap some, it will never fully or accurately reveal the truth simply because it is difficult to fully understand cultural meanings from an outsider’s perspective. Before the internet, careers in anthropology and similar fields made information available through ethnographic readings and studies. A key inquiry anthropologists seek to answer is the distinction between and role of sex, gender, and sexuality within each separate culture. Y The Last Man and other ethnographic texts connect culture, its language, and the formation of gender, sex, and sexuality roles in any given society.
Y The Last Man begins with Yorick, a young man who lives and works at home talking to his girlfriend, Beth. Yorick is working out while Beth is shown wearing short shorts and a bikini top in Australia (Vaughan, 6). Right away we learn some differentiation between sexes in the culture. Y The Last Man is a unique graphic text filled with examples of what might happen during an extreme gender imbalance. It is interesting what can be learned from a culture when normal elements and frameworks are manipulated. In the case of Y The Last Man, Yorick is the last male sex on earth (not counting his pet monkey Ampersand). Gender roles change as women attempt to take on the men’s deserted roles in desperation to hang on to something of normalcy (Vaughan, 68-75). Food and resources become scarce and women resort to selling the dead men’s bodies for food (Vaughan, 47). Conflict arises in the government as the secretary of agriculture, Margaret Valentine, becomes the new president since so ma...
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...rations in Cultural Anthropology. Colleen E. Boyd and Luke Eric Lassiter, eds. Pp. 243-250. Plymouth, UK: AltaMira Press.
Luke Eric Lassiter
2009 Invitation to Anthropology. Plymouth, UK: AltaMira Press.
Nanda, Serena
2011 Hijra and Sadhin Neither Man Nor Woman in India In Explorations in Cultural Anthropology. Colleen E. Boyd and Luke Eric Lassiter, eds. Pp. 259-273. Plymouth, UK: AltaMira Press.
Vaughan, Brian K., with Pia Guerra and Jose Marzan, Jr.
2002 Y The Last Man. New York, NY: DC Comics.
Young, Antonia
2011 The Sworn Virgins of Albania In Explorations in Cultural Anthropology. Colleen E. Boyd and Luke Eric Lassiter, eds. Pp. 253-257. Plymouth, UK: AltaMira Press.
Tannen, Deborah
2011 Different Words, Different Worlds In Explorations in Cultural Anthropology. Colleen E. Boyd and Luke Eric Lassiter, eds. Pp. 223-241. Plymouth, UK: AltaMira Press.
Robbins, R. H. (2014). Cultural anthropology: a problem-based approach (Second Canadian ed.). Itasca: F.E. Peacock.
Robbins Burling, David F. Armstrong, Ben G. Blount, Catherine A. Callaghan, Mary Lecron Foster, Barbara J. King, Sue Taylor Parker, Osamu Sakura, William C. Stokoe, Ron Wallace, Joel Wallman, A. Whiten, Sherman Wilcox and Thomas Wynn. Current Anthropology, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Feb., 1993), pp. 25-53
In the article “An Anthropological Look at Human Sexuality” the authors, Patrick Gray and Linda Wolfe speak about how societies look at human sexuality. The core concept of anthology is the idea of culture, the systems of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors people acquire as a member of society. The authors give an in depth analysis on how human sexuality is looked at in all different situations.
Marianismo and machismo are the traditional gender roles in Latin America. Marianismo is the aspect of female gender roles while machismo is the aspect of male gender roles. The key belief of machismo is that men hold supremacy over women. For the most part these gender roles conform to traditional understanding of sexuality, masculinity, and femininity. There is only one key contradiction I found when it came to traditional understandings of sexuality, masculinity and femininity. Some people may confuse the meanings of gender, sex, and sexuality. Gender is what a person chooses to define themselves as: masculine or feminine. Sex is biological: male or female. Sexuality is then defined as the expression of sexual interest. These three words connect to one another.
Nowak, B., & Laird, P. (2010). Cultural anthropology. (Chapter 3 Band societies, section 3.8 Rituals and Religion, Case Study 3.5 the Mbuti Molimo Ritual, para. 1). San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/books/AUANT101.10.2/sections/ch00
Historically, anthropologists have focused their research on foreign cultures, often considered exotic to westerners. Yet, globalization has created a continuously shrinking world and is increasingly providing sovereignty for developing nations, which may impede research opportunities for modern anthropologists. In their book, “The Cocktail Waitress,” James Spradley and Brenda Mann explain how this recent issue threatens trust and acceptance in these foreign communities and obstructs research funding. Luckily, there are countless subcultures in America’s back yard, in which most are eternally evolving, providing a multitude of research opportunities for anthropologists.
Across the globe, gender systems vary in ways that often exclude individuals who don’t identify within their realms. From the binary structure of the West, to the ternary system of India, there are many ways in which societies conceptualize gender. Gender systems are generally considered inherent to humanity, and are seldom questioned or altered. This has led to the marginalization and discrimination of individuals who diverge from the implemented structure.
Schultz, Emily A. & Lavenda, Robert H. 2005, Cultural Anthropology, 6th edn, Oxford University Press, New York, Chapter 3: Fieldwork.
Unlike sex, the history of sexuality is dependant upon society and limited by its language in order to be defined and understood.
Nanda, Serena. Neither Man nor Woman: The Hijras of India. 2nd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub., 1990. Print.
From birth, one's sexuality is shaped by society. Cultures institute behaviors that are to be seen as the societal norms, which work to constantly reinforce societal expectations of how genders should act in relation to one another. Although some may argue that one's sexuality is an innate characteristic resulting from genetic makeup, there is a large amount of evidence pointing to its social construction instead. Through the power differences between males and females, established gender roles, and drastic economic shifts, society establishes sexuality and reinforces the behaviors that are expected of its citizens.
Park, M.A. (2008). Introducing anthropology: An integrated approach, with PowerWeb, 4th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978–0-07-340525-4
Gender is a sociological factor which is a set of relationships, attributes, roles, beliefs and attitudes of human. On the other hand, sexuality can be referred into two traits. First is Biological; second is Physiological. Biological trait is about the difference of sex organs, the production of estrogen or testosterone. Physiological trait is about the difference of facial features, size of bones, shoulders, muscles, fatty issues. According to American Psychological Association, gender and sexuality impacts and is impacted by cultural, political, legal, and philosophical aspects of life. As popular culture is the culture of today, which is always based on universal activities, it is effortless to alter the mind of human so the concept of gender and sexuality would be easier to change. Therefore, this essay is going to discuss about how popular culture affects gender and sexuality in human's attitudes.
Gender has been around throughout history; however, within recent years, gender has separated itself from the traditional view of sex, e.i., male or female, and has become centered on ones masculinity or femininity. Of course gender is more than just ones masculinity or femininity, gender has become a way for one to describe, he or she, in a way in which they are different from everyone else. Gender has turned into a sense of identity, a way for one to feel different and fulfilled among all of those around them. Of course gender’s sense of freedom would seem outside of structure and only affected by one’s own agency, however, structure is a key component in establishing gender. We can look into both ethnic Mexican’s culture practices regarding sexuality, children songs and games, and see that cultural traditions still heavily influence gender, creating what is masculine and what is feminine and what is the role of each gender, as well as challenging the notions that gender is solely based on agency.
Gender and sexuality can be comprehended through social science. Social science is “the study of human society and of individual relationships in and to society” (free dictionary, 2009). The study of social science deals with different aspects of society such as politics, economics, and the social aspects of society. Gender identity is closely interlinked with social science as it is based on an identity of an individual in the society. Sexuality is “the condition of being characterized and distinguished by sex” (free dictionary, 2009). There are different gender identities such as male, female, gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual that exists all around the world. There is inequality in gender identities and dominance of a male regardless of which sexuality they fall under. The males are superior over the females and gays superior over the lesbians, however it different depending on the place and circumstances. This paper will look at the gender roles and stereotypes, social policy, and homosexuality from a modern and a traditional society perspective. The three different areas will be compared by the two different societies to understand how much changes has occurred and whether or not anything has really changed. In general a traditional society is more conservative where as a modern society is fundamentally liberal. This is to say that a traditional society lists certain roles depending on the gender and there are stereotypes that are connected with the genders. One must obey the one that is dominant and make decisions. On the other hand, a modern society is lenient, It accepts the individual’s identity and sexuality. There is no inequality and everyone in the society is to be seen as individuals not a part of a family unit...