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Gender's role in literature
Gender role in literature
Gender's role in literature
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First and foremost, Achebe uses gender roles to show social norms in order to highlight that there is no crossover in expectations or duties. Women depict a lifestyle that is common throughout the african culture. They exemplify an important female role for the children and the household. One of the wives many purposes for the males is to bear lots of children. Okonkwo remarked, “You might as well say that the woman lies on top of the man when they are making the babies” (Achebe 74). Women are used for the birth of children so the men can obtain as many sons as possible. The women are given no option but to get pregnant in order to further the clans success with male superiority. Also, women are given the role as the nurturer. Uchendu states, …show more content…
Women are expected to be submissive towards their husbands. They play no role in decision making. Achebe wrote, “Without looking at the man Okonkwo had said. “This meeting is for men.” The man who had contradicted him had no titles. That was why he had called him a woman. Okonkwo knew how to kill a man’s spirit” (Achebe 26). Okonkwo claims that any man who has no title is a women. This reference depicts the way women are portrayed through the men’s eyes and useless and opinionless. This unfair advantage gives women no rights to their thoughts and feelings. Also, men have this image they must live up to. They must be strong and brave. Okonkwo claimed, “Whenever the thought of his father’s weakness and failure troubled him he expelled it by thinking about his own strength and success. And so he did now. His mind went to his latest show of manliness” (Achebe 120). The men of the Ibo society are pictured to be courageous and if not they are considered unfavorable. The men have high expectations and Okonkwo lived with the fear of not being prosperous. Today, men fill the strong, protector role and if they do not they are sometimes viewed as undesirable. This role has been passed down through the story and in present day
Many societies have beliefs rooted deep in ancient religion. Some beliefs include polygamy, polytheism, and patriarchy, or rule by men. One such culture is that of Achebe's Things Fall Apart. Polytheism and polygamy are custom in the clan, and the role of each family member is very defined. The men are overly domineering. The women and children are treated poorly and often beaten. Life in Achebe's Umuofia would seem very different to someone living in modern day America.
Throughout Things Fall Apart, Achebe shows that without women the Ibo village and culture would not be able to function properly. Women, in Ibo culture, are the caretakers that keep the Ibo village and its people functional and content. Without women in the Ibo village the villagers and clan members would have no one to go to when seeking advice, plentiful harvests, or when trying to settle a dispute. Women also hold these types of positions in other major religions throughout the world. For example, in Hinduism Sri Lakshmi is the epitome of everything good and prosperous in the world; in ancient Roman culture Ceres was the goddess of agriculture. Therefore, without women to grant the everyday necessities of life (i.e. crops) and to provide spiritual guidance to those seeking it modern day life would not be able to function.
He was in great conflict with the ideas of the white men and the missionaries. Okonkwo saw that their beliefs had not only changed the daily life of the Ibo, but it also changed the people themselves: “He mourned for the warlike men of Umuofia, who had so unaccountably become soft like women” (Achebe 183). The author uses strong diction to compare the men before and after colonization. This quote also portrays Okonkwo’s opinion towards the cultural collision. He values strength and masculinity immensely because of his fear of appearing weak like his father Unoka. When he describes that the men of Umuofia changed to be soft like women, this shows how much he dishonors the Western ideas and how it has taken over the village. He made an attempt to get rid of the Western influence by urging the tribe to fight like men, but they refuse to. He was determined and still attempted to furthermore encourage the people of Umuofia to revolt against the new culture. He realizes that his attempts to return the village back to the way it was before were futile. He knew that Christianity was tearing his people apart, but knew he was incapable of making change to help his people. Okonkwo then starts to feel hopeless and abandoned by his clan, which causes him to commit suicide by hanging himself: “Obierika… turned suddenly to the District Commissioner and said ferociously: ‘That man was one of the greatest men
Okonkwo rejects his children because of his insecurity of the clan’s opinion. He values strength and masculinity. Not only does Okonkwo not see these qualities in his son, Nwoye, but also recognizes how he is weak and feminine. Okonkwo is so ashamed of his own child that he “will not have a son who cannot hold up his head in the gathering of the clan. I would sooner strangle him with my own hands” (33). Okonkwo’s uncertainty of clan’s opinion causes him to make drastic statements, such as threatening to murder his own child, in order to prove himself worthy of the society. Okonkwo would rather not have a son than have one who would tarnish his reputation. As a result, he repudiates his own son. When Okonkwo is explaining to Obeirka about his disappointments with his children, he reveals his grief about Ezinma’s gender when he states his “children do not resemble me […] If Ezinma had been a boy I would have been happier. She has the right spirit” (66). Although Ezinma has all of the masculine characteristics Nwoye lacks, she is a girl. Okonkwo cannot accept his daughter because women are inferior to men in the Ibo culture. Thus, Ezinma’s masculine traits are worthless. The complications of Ezinma’s gender that e...
In all these chores, anything that would make the females expose the private parts of their bodies to outsiders is avoided and assigned to the males” (228). This shows that sometimes the women get out of doing certain chores because their private parts are not to be shown to any outsiders under any conditions. “Naturally, women are the birth-givers, as a result, musical practices around child birth; weaning and other related activities are the sole responsibilities of women. Similarly, there are roles which embody information or knowledge that men wish to pass or make exclusive to themselves” (Ibekwe 138). The women are the child bearers and are the ones that are fully responsible for
For example, one way gender roles rules the Igbo culture is shown in this quote, “Okonkwo ruled his household with a heavy hand. His wives, especially the youngest, lived in perpetual fear of his fiery temper” (Page 16). This shows that, in the Igbo culture, men are the dominant sex and they rule over their families. Women are appointed to submissive and unresisting position, where they often live in fear of their husbands. However, Okonkwo’s quick temper with his family is never portrayed as commentable, it is clear that he unquestionably has the right to be aggressive and hostile at home. This also shows moral development because it explains how the Igbo culture allows for men to treat women. Another example can be shown by the Ibo’s use of the hierarchical system, “He could neither marry nor be married by the free-born. He was in fact an outcast...Wherever he went he carried with him the mark of his forbidden caste – long, tangled and dirty hair. A razor was taboo to him. An osu could not attend an assembly of the free-born, and they, in turn, could not shelter under his roof. He could not take any of the four titles of the clan, and when he died he was buried by his kind in the Evil Forest” (Page 146). This shows that the Igbo culture has clear hierarchal system between the titles/successful men of the clan and the titleless/unsuccessful men of the clan. This shows the moral development of the Igbo culture because it defines how the higher class treats and acts toward the lower
Okonkwo’s fear leads him to treat members of his family harshly, in particular his son, Nwoye. Okonkwo often wonders how he, a man of great strength and work ethic, could have had a son who was “degenerate and effeminate” (133). Okonkwo thought that, "No matter how prosperous a man was, if he was unable to rule his women and his children (and especially his women) he was not really a man" (45).
Within the Ibo tribe, men have more dominance over the women as they accept titles to display their power and importance, allowing them to participate in the decision making for the village. Compared to the women of the clan, men can marry multiple wives as a sign of wealth, and their wives stay home attending to their husband and caring for their children. For example, Okonkwo has already gained much respect among his tribe as “He was a wealthy farmer and had two barns full of yams, and had just married his third wife. To crown it all he had taken two titles and had shown incredible prowess in two inter-tribal wars. And so although Okonkwo was still young, he was already one of the greatest men of his time. Age was respected among his people, but achievement was revered” (Achebe 8). To prove their masculinity and power, Ibo men rely on their wealth, shown by their farming and the number of wives they have, and their fighting abilities in wars. Even though elderly members of the tribe gained much respect, a man’s contributions to the village and successes increases their importance among the clan. As demonstrated from a village gathering, “It was clear from the way the crowd stood or sat that the ceremony was for men. There were many women, but they looked on from the fringe like outsiders. The titled men and elders sat on their stools waiting for the trials to begin” (Achebe 87). During the ceremony, the way one is positioned illustrates their role in society. While the titled, important men and elders are seated in the front rows, the women are neglected in the outer regions as to show their low social status compared to the men. Achebe compares the women to outsiders because they serve little importance to the ceremony and to the village as they only work from home to care for their family. The ability of men to accept titles and
A main character in the novel, Okonkwo has several wives. He orders them around like dogs. They are never to question what they are instructed to do; they are expected to be obedient. We see this early in the story, when Okonkwo brings Ikemefuna into his home. Okonkwo tells his senior wife that Ikemefuna belongs to the tribe and that she is expected to look after him. She in turn asks him if he will be staying with them for a long period of time. This sends Okonkwo into a fury. He snaps at her in a very degrading manner, "Do what you are told woman. When did you become one of the ndichie (meaning elders) of Umuofia?"(pg.12) Clearly she receives no respect. Later in the story we see this woman try to comfort Ikemefuna. She "mothers" him as if he is one of her own children. She tries to put him at ease and can almost instinctively feel how much he misses his own mother.
In things fall apart women are proclaimed as a unpowerful human being with no rights within the Igbo society. The reason behind this is because of the culture and as well as ,the way they were taught to treat there spouse . In the book women were perceived as being weak and also received very little or no respect in the Igbo society. They also were harshly abused and look down upon. In things fall apart it says “The women and children live in perpetual fear of his fiery temper. He believes in ruling his household with a heavy hand”( Chapter 2 Pg13) . This quote is restating that Okonkwo was the
There are constant struggles between gender, identity, commodification, and class. Among the men and women in many African tribes that still exist today, there are divergences, which will always remain intact because of the culture and the way in which they are taught to treat each other. Chinua Achebe wrote the novel, Things Fall Apart, which is a great piece of African literature that deals with the Igbo culture, history, and the taking over of African lands by British colonization. The ongoing gender conflict is a prominent theme in Things Fall Apart presenting the clash between men and women of the African Igbo society. Throughout history, from the beginning of time to today, women have frequently been viewed as inferior, men’s possessions whose sole purpose was to satisfy the men’s needs. Maybe it's because men are physically stronger than women and have always had the ability to control them that way. In Things Fall Apart, the Igbo women were perceived as being weak. They received little or no respect in the Igbo society and were harshly abused. The recurring theme of gender conflicts helps drive the novel Things Fall Apart by showing how important women are to the men, yet they do not receive the treatment they deserve.
The foundation of Okonkwo’s fear of failure and weakness stems from the qualities possessed by Okonkwo’s father, Unoka, and his inability to succeed during his life. As a young boy, Okonkwo had always known and resented that his father was essentially the definition of a failure. Throughout Okonkwo’s childhood, he was constantly reminded of the fact that his father was unsuccessful: “... even now he still remembered how he had suffered when a playmate had told him his father was agbala” (Achebe 13). The word agbala has two different meanings, one referring to a woman and the other meaning a man who has taken no titles in the clan. Titles are an important part of the Ibo culture because they show a man’s achievement and success in the clan.
In the book women are being treated poorly. Okonkwo has three wives in which he expects for them to follow his orders or there would be consequences. Women do not get enough credit in the Igbo culture, they do so much stuff but yet receive so little credit for their work. They cook, clean the house and take care of their kids. They get disrespected by their own husbands. For example, when Okonkwo hit his youngest wife because she left the hut without making
]k Adegbite O. came to a similar conclusion about Okonkwo’s views on masculinity and femininity when he makes the remark in his essay that, “Okonkwo is of the opinion that traditional men have lost their place in society and cannot be termed ‘worthy’ anymore as Western culture has softened their resolve; men have been turned to weaklings by colonisation and the white man’s religion” (Tobalase, “Masculinity and Cultural Conflict in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart”).
Okonkwo sees his father’s gentleness as a feminine trait. He works hard to be as masculine as possible so that he will be the opposite of his father and overcome the shame his father brought to his family. Okonkwo deals with this struggle throughout the entire book, hiding the intense fear of weakness behind a masculine façade (Nnoromele 149). In order to appear masculine, he is often violent. In his desire to be judged by his own worth and not by the worth of his effeminate father, Okonkwo participates in the killing of a boy he sees as a son, even though his friends and other respected tribe members advise him against it. (Hoegberg 71). Even after the killing of Ikamefuna, Okonkwo hides his feelings of sadness because the emotions are feminine to him. He goes so far as to ask himself, “when did you become a shivering old woman” (Achebe 65), while he is inwardly grieving. The dramatic irony of the secret fears that Okonkwo has will open the reader’s eyes to how important gender identity is to him. This theme is also presented among Okonkwo’s children. He sees his oldest son, Nwoye, as feminine because he does not like to work as hard as his father (Stratton 29). When Nwoye eventually joins the Christian church, Okonkwo sees him as even more feminine. On the other hand, Okonkwo’s