The Middle Ages was a time period from 500 CE to about 1500 CE. During this time, Christianity spread slowly across Europe, and eventually became a dominant religion in the world. Along with the spread of Christianity, the rise of Islam, from a global perspective, was the most important event of this period. In the Mediterranean world, the Middle Ages saw the institutionalization of several monotheistic religions. Islam and Christianity were very deeply rooted in the cultures and societies during this time, and this can be seen in the social hierarchy of medieval Islamic and Christian societies.
Islamic beliefs were expressed in various primary texts during the Middle Ages, such as the Qur’an and the Hadith. The Qur’an and the Hadith are two Islamic texts that portray many examples of social and gender hierarchy that were present during this time. The Qur’an, to Muslims, contains the exact words of God. It is believed that the angel Gabriel spoke God’s words to Muhammad, who later recited them. The
…show more content…
Ideas on social and gender hierarchy are evident in this religious text. The Qur’an states that both men and women are spiritually equal and equally rewarded by God. But, as it continues, it goes on to state that, “Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because God has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means.” Men and women are said to be “spiritually equal”, yet men are still seen as stronger and women should be “devoutly obedient” to their husbands. Women subordination during the Middle Ages was shaped mostly by local culture, which varied with time and place. In early communities, women had more liberty, but by the mid 700’s, women began to be subordinated, especially elite women. Though the Qur’an guaranteed woman more rights than the Bible, it also subordinates wives to their husbands, and women’s inheritance to
Medieval England was considered to be a Patriarchy, due to the serious gender roles which cast men as superior to women. Margery Kempe attempted time and time again to break the boundaries of the gender roles put in place by society. The men in her life tried to stop her, and bring her back to the social norms of what it meant to be a women living in the time period: John Kempe, her priest, Christ etc. To analyze Kempe, it is first important to note what was expected of medieval women; “the classical females are portrayed as vessels of chastity, purity, and goodness” (O’Pry-Reynolds, 37). She was not your typical female; she wanted to break free from the strict expectations of women; “Men and women of the medieval period and medieval literature
The first religion and its views on women that will be discussed in this essay is Islam. Islam is a religions founded in Saudi Arabia almost two thousand years ago, by the prophet Muhammad. In fact, Muhammad dedicated much attention towards women in the Koran, the holy book of Islam. However, even though much was dedicated to women in the Koran, it was not dedicated to them in the sense of equality. Women in Islamic culture were apparently much lower on the totem pole than men, "The men are made responsible for the women, since God endowed them with certain qualities, and made them the bread earners...If you experience opposition from the women, you shall first talk to them, then [you may use such negative incentives as] deserting them in bed, then you may beat them (129)." Excerpt...
What if women never established rights? The world would not be the place it is today if that was the case. Women are able to do just as much as men are and even more. What if men were treated the same way as women were one thousand years ago? They would have felt just as the women did, hurt because the treatment between men and women was unfair. The fact that men and women were not treated equally was wrong in many ways, but that was the way of life during those times. In the British culture, from the Anglo-Saxon to the Renaissance time period, the men were respected on a higher level than women, and women were to always be subservient to men, which were demonstrated throughout many works of literature.
The eighteenth century marks the period of transformation from seventeen century pre-industrialization and the emergence of nineteen-century capitalism and modernization in Europe. During the rise of the industrial revolution and the eighteenth century came the conception of the classification of gender and sex into two distinct biological characterizations pertaining to masculinity and femininity, commonly known today as the gender binary. The establishment of gender and “the modern system of gender difference” is the basis of social, cultural and political patterns within a certain societal group and the roles or expectations that society has assigned to that specific gender. Authors of Gender in 18th century England Hannah Barker and Elaine
In the Middle Ages, books, and verbal stories, were typically didactic in some way whether religious or secular. These sources give modern readers and historians’ insight into gender roles and ideals in the Middle Ages. The Book of the City of Ladies and The Poem of El Cid both informed the medieval readers of the preferred behavior for the sexes via references and archetypes. Christine de Pizan instructed women to be pious, good daughters and wives, and to behave like the saints would; while The Poem of El Cid directed men towards being brave conquerors, loyal vassals, but still pious men.
Women in different societies around the world, during the Middle Ages, experienced different hardships and roles. These hardships and roles helped shape how they were viewed in their society. Some women were treated better and more equal than others. In Rome, Medieval England, and Viking society, women’s legal status, education, marriage and family roles were considered diverse, but also similar. In certain nation’s women have more or less power than women in other nations, but none equal to the power that women have in America today.
After the collapse of the Roman Empire, Europe remained split into two parts: Western Europe and Eastern Europe. Eastern Europe then after developed into the Byzantium Empire and left Western Europe in a period of slow development called the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages occurred around 500 A.D. to 1400 A.D. The Middle Ages were split into several different time periods called the Early Middle Ages, the High Middle Ages, and the Late Middle Ages, each period contributing to the tension or progress of the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages is deserving of the titles Age of Feudalism due to this governing style influencing the social order of the society and the Dark Ages because this time was plagued with disease and destruction, however, the Middle Ages is most deserving of the title Age of Faith due to the indomitable influence of the Roman Catholic Church on political and social issues throughout the Western Europe.
The indifferent treatment of women has been part of our generations since the beginning of times. The Dark Ages was a period of time in our history which is characterized by the social, political and economic downfall occurred in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire. Around the 5th/6th centuries until the 16th century was of intellectual darkness and prejudices against women. Additionally, women had very abject social value which forced them to follow and abide certain responsibilities and obligations as their gender demanded. However, many women were notable for having raised and demonstrated their importance among society. The medieval ages was a time period in which women even tough were not equally measured as men due to their social derivation or gender, they played a strong and active role in society.
Understanding the way women both were controllers of and controlled by social, political and cultural forces in the medieval period is a complex matter. This is due to a number of factors- the lack of documentation of medieval women, high numbers of illiteracy amongst women, especially lower class, medieval sources being viewed through a contemporary lens and the actual limitations and expectations placed upon women during the period, to name a few. The primary sources: The Treasure of The City of Ladies by Catherine of Siena and Peter of Blois’ letter to Eleanor of Aquitaine concerning her rebellion, highlight the restrictions women were expected to adhere to, and the subsequent reprimanding that occurred when they didn’t. Women were not passive victims to the blatant patriarchal standards that existed within medieval society, even though ultimately they would be vilified for rebelling.
The Qur’an is believe to the ultimate source of God by many Muslim believers. It contains 114 suras for the believers as the core practices of the Islamic religion and Muslims throughout the world recites its verses (Chang, Lecture. 1/21/14). They believed the prophet of Allah was Muhammad, who received the words of Allah through Angel Gabriel, and was passed on with the Qur’an during Ramadan. Angel Gabriel one night came to Muhammad “in clear human form” (“Scripture and Tradition in Islam- The Qur’an and Hadith” 104), and gave the messages from Allah to him. From the establishment of the Qur’an, Muslims have viewed the book as the last revelation of their god Allah, and thus are the true words from God for their ways of life and in reaching Allah in their afterlife. The book also teaches “mankind’s responsibility assigned by God” (Gordon 115). Therefore, Muslims practices in ways to prove their devotion towards the new religion of Islam by being faithful, and performing religious practices.
Women of Medieval Times were held into different responsibilities based on their social class. Gender roles in Europe at the time were heavily influenced by the Roman Catholic Church. Women were to be held responsible for the man’s mistakes or sin. Religion played a big role in determining roles for the women in this time period. Women in Medieval Times had different roles depending on their social classes, ranging from peasant women to noble women. In the peasant class, women were viewed equal and held to the same expectations. Women in this social class had multiple responsibilities. Being a peasant they were expected to do field labor, care for children, prepare food, and tend to livestock. During busier times of the year you could find
But what about the years before women began acting? What about Shakespeare's time? Who played Juliet or Desdemona or Rosalind during "the golden age of English history", the Elizabethan era? This was back when theatre was the highest form of entertainment (bear-baiting being a close second, of course) and people of all backgrounds and status would flock to a tour stop or later, one of many permanent theatres around London. Women, as we know, weren't acting then so who would fill these female roles? The obvious answer for playwrights at the time were boy players. Contrary to present-day theatre, women were only seen on stage in the Elizabethan era as portrayed by young men.
The role of women in religious scripture dictates an inferior position in society. Beginning with the creation of Adam and then Eve, as his helpmate. Her purpose was that Adam would not be lonely. This origin provides the ground work for inequality of genders on the basis of religious scripture. The roles prescribed determined that women should be in a subordinate position to man. The female role and relationship with God is defined by the various books of the Old and New Testaments, the reported actions of Jesus Christ, and finally the Qur'an.
In modern society, there is much talk about how gender roles and views on relationships between the sexes are hurting women and men alike. We are constantly surrounded by media telling us how to be the “perfect” man or woman, outlining sets of specific, yet unattainable, traits that we should all have. However, these gender expectations were not formed from nothing, and rather have roots going back all the way to medieval times. Works such as The Romance of Tristan and Iseult, The Decameron, The Treasure of the City of Ladies, and The Book of the Courtier all show examples of medieval views on sex and gender. Although we would like to believe that we have come a long way in terms of gender roles and views on relationships, medieval literature
The Middle Ages are also known as the dark ages was a time between 500 CE and 1500 CE. when people think of the Middle Ages they think of knights and shining armor, but it's actually not what people think, there are wars and disease everywhere in the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages are locAted in Europe. Many people struggled with poverty or lack of food. Many people died due to all this shortage of food and disease.