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Ancient greek feminity
Ancient greek feminity
Ancient greek feminity
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Antigone has themes of power and gender, which go hand and hand with each other. Creon, Antigone, and Ismene show their point of view concerning the role of gender play in the conflict and concerning the role of women in the society.
In the play Antigone by Sophocles, Antigone and Creon have a conflict concerning their power from their gender role. Oedipus made Creon care for Antigone and Ismene as a guardian. Creon and Antigone’s aspect on the law and their power are different since Creon was the male guardian towards Antigone. Creon felt he is a leading man and became the king of Thebes during the great battle against Polyneices and their allies. Creon feels that all should obey the laws declared by him, even through other beliefs or ethics. While Antigone is a women in Greece, which means she had no power and relies on God and her family. She feels that the laws of the Gods should be obeyed. In this conflict, Creon orders that Polyneices will not be buried because of his betrayal
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towards Thebes and attacking the Thebes people. So, if anyone gets caught burying him they will be killed for disobeying his orders. However, Antigone believes she has to show respect and love towards her brother and must give him a proper burial. She refused to back down even though Ismene has told her she would be punished or even killed if they found out. Antigone and Ismene had opposite points of view concerning the role of women.
Antigone was more liberated and outspoken while Ismene was dependent on the typical greek women during those times. In this play, Antigone believes in the law of the Gods and not Creon. Thus, when Antigone heard about Polyneices not receiving a burial, Antigone was infuriated and wanted to do something about it. She told Ismene and did not have the same reaction as Antigone. Antigone is strong enough to rebel against the law and help her brother’s spirit compared to Ismene who only cares about the consequences. Ismene also goes along with the typical greek women lifestyle and said, “We must remember, first, that we two are by nature women and not fit to fight with men” (Sophocles, 61). Ismene demonstrates her position towards the men vs women society and how women should just follow the laws and let the men control the power. Unlike Ismene, Antigone stands up against state power to do what she
believes.
The main conflict in the story Antigone is between the king of Thebes, also the antagonist, Creon and Antigone the Protagonist. When Antigone's brother dies in war Creon does not want to bury him, But Antigone feels its her brothers rights bestowed on him buy the gods to be able to be buried and that it would be disrespectful not to. For example in scene one page two Creon says "He’ll be left unburied, his body there for birds and dogs to eat, a clear reminder of his shameful fate.That’s my decision." As you can see here Creon thinks he has the authority and makes the laws about what is going to happen but really that is divine authority. Another example is in scene two page three when Creon is interrogating Antigone, Antigone says "Yes. Zeus did not announce those laws to me. And Justice living with the gods below sent no
Eventually both Creon and Antigone are destroyed by the gods (and by each other) through their own actions. Antigone is a powerful character, strong-willed, determined and at times self-righteous. She is contrasted by her sister Ismene, who is weak and powerless. Though Antigone is a powerful character, she has no real political power and is dominated by one man, Creon. Creon is both the ruler of the state as well as the patriarch of her family.
The opening events of the play Antigone, written by Sophocles, quickly establish the central conflict between Antigone and Creon. Creon has decreed that the traitor Polynices, who tried to burn down the temple of gods in Thebes, must not be given proper burial. Antigone is the only one who will speak against this decree and insists on the sacredness of family and a symbolic burial for her brother. Whereas Antigone sees no validity in a law that disregards the duty family members owe one another, Creon's point of view is exactly opposite. He has no use for anyone who places private ties above the common good, as he proclaims firmly to the Chorus and the audience as he revels in his victory over Polynices. He sees Polynices as an enemy to the state because he attacked his brother. Creon's first speech, which is dominated by words such as "authority” and "law”, shows the extent to which Creon fixates on government and law as the supreme authority. Between Antigone and Creon there can be no compromise—they both find absolute validity in the respective loyalties they uphold.
Antigone’s opinions are distinctive as she clearly states her beliefs to Creon after being caught for performing her brother’s burial rituals. Antigone strongly believes that law has no validity when laid by a human as she questions Creon saying, “What laws? I never heard it was Zeus who made that announcement” (Antigone 450). This quote shows her reliance on the Gods for moral direction instead of the kings who reign over her. Although she disregards the law, she also accepts punishment; Antigone is able to follow her opinions and independently rule herself, yet also recognize the societal expectations of law and accept punishment. When being taken by Creon with her sister Antigone takes the responsibility of the crime all herself and recognizes what she did despite not being ashamed of it. One of the main views of Antigone that causes her disobedience is the belief that rulers should not keep loved ones from each other. Antigone clearly states, “He has no right to keep me from my own” this shows how she believes the connection between family overpowers that of a law passed by a vengeful king (Antigone 48). Antigone’s opinions contrast to those of Creon who is a gender biased ruler who sees women as lesser as he states “I will not be ruled by a woman” (Antigone 24). This shows his belief in who is credible within law. Not only does he have opinions on who
Antigone shows the attribute of boldness. She is constantly going her own direction. She is a leader, not a follower. "Ismene: What? You'd bury him when a law forbids the city? Antigone: Yes! He is my brother and- deny it as you will- your brother too."(61). This is where Antigone's boldness begins to surface. She is expressing her disagreement with King Creon's law. This is extremely daring of her to do because she is defying the law of the land. On the other hand, Ismene displays the quality of being a coward. She says, "Remember, we are women, we're not born to contend with men."(62). On the contrary to what Ismene's brain tells her to do, her heart is screaming to go and bury her brother, and defy Creon's dishonorable law. It is not until the middle to end of the play that Ismene's true self emerges and she agrees with Antigone. This is just one of the ways Antigone and Ismene are the same at heart, but take different paths to get to their real inner person.
Antigone as a heroic and tragic archetype must internally struggle with individuality and morality versus established rule and law and she can be seen as externally fighting between her sister as an outward display of her internal conflict. Antigone then is a unique archetype as a heroine and her power and powerlessness are defining her as a woman in politics. Her sister, Ismene is portrayed as much weaker and can be said to be metaphorical in that individual morality is weak as compared to established law and Ismene is the personification of morality in a legal-rational world, according to the emerging Hellenistic establishment. Antigone is willing to use her own morals to bury Polyneices, though it is illegal to do so. Ismene is too weak and afraid and illustrates how individual fear and weakness are a problem inherent in human nature.
One of the conflicts in Antigone, is the struggle between men and women. Ismene tells Antigone that since birth, women “were not born to contend with men,” (75) displaying women’s obedience and passivity. In the same passage, Ismene says: “we’re underlings, ruled by stronger hands,” (76) a representation of men’s aggressive and “stronger hands” that dominate women and treats them as second-class citizens. The only woman in Thebes who desires to break free from these chains is Antigone, who stands up against Ismene’s passivity urging her to “submit to this,” (77) and defy Creon by burying Polynices. By breaking Creon’s edict, Antigone challenges the traditional gender roles women and men play. In what ways does the theme of gender in Antigone, demonstrate the passion and choices behind Antigone and Ismene’s decisions?
Antigone is merely portrayed as a rebellious nephew, as she consistently defies Creon. Antigone is expressed within the play consistently; however, the play portrays decisions proclaimed by Creon, which displays Creon’s tragic flow.
Although Antigone is present throughout the play, characters do not turn to her unless they intend to use her. She, and Ismene in a lesser sense, is used as a means to an end all through the play: first she is a guide for Oedipus, then a pawn for Creon, then someone to bury Polynices. Everything she does in the play is because of a male character’s will. Oedipus continually treats Antigone as a means to an end. He refers to Antigone and Ismene as “props of my frame” (Sophocles 94). Even when Oedipus is not verbally objectifying his daughters, he treats them as things, only turning to them when he needs some kind of assistance. Creon uses Antigone and Ismene in his attempts to draw Oedipus back to Thebes, making them pawns and having his men capture them. Polynices, too, wants something from Antigone when he comes to see her. Instead of listening to her advice, he asks her to ensure that he receives a proper burial (Sophocles 59+). When Antigone and Ismene are saved from Creon’s men by Theseus, he is presented as “the deliverer of the girls… the agent of the action” (Markantonatos 111). Time and time again, Antigone and Ismene are portrayed as having no agency in their lives. They are at the mercy of the decisions of the men in the play, and do not appear to have any personal desires or wishes that are not related to male characters like Oedipus and
Although ancient Greece was a male-dominate society, Sophocles' work Antigone, portrays women as being strong and capable of making wise decisions. In this famous tragedy, Sophocles uses the characters Ismene and Antigone to show the different characteristics and roles that woman are typical of interpreting. Traditionally women are characterized as weak and subordinate and Ismene is portrayed in this way. Through the character of Antigone, women finally get to present realistic viewpoints about their character.
Antigone is portrayed as a courageous woman, whose audacious qualities defy the authority of a patriarchal society, whereas Ismene conceals herself in the shadows of stronger men. Antigone accepts the dire consequences that follow with her decision, despite knowing
In the play Antigone, by Sophocles, it is greatly apparent just within the first few exchanges between Ismene and Antigone that there are various social issues surrounding the women in ancient Greece. The play raises many gender and socially related issues especially when looking at the contextual background of the playwright and the representation of the women within the play. When the characters of the first scene begin their analog, it is important to note what they are actually saying about each other and what their knowledge of their own social status is. The audience is first introduced to Antigone who we later learn is the antagonist of the play as she rebels against the protagonist, Creon. Her sister, Ismene, is the second character the audience is introduced to, hears of Antigone's plan to bury their brother's body in the first scene. Ismene’s actions and words give the reader the hint that her sister’s behavior is not usual, "so fiery" and "so desperate" are the words used to describe Antigone's frame of mind. At this very early point in the play the reader discovers that Antigone is determined to carry out her mission to bury her beloved brother. However, she is in no position that gives her the rights as a woman, sister, or even future queen to make her own decisions and rebel. Instead, her decision to bury her brother demonstrates her loyalty to her family, the gods, and to all women. Her motivation for those decisions will end up driving her far more than that of what the laws set by Creon have implemented. She shows no fear over disobeying the king and later says about the punishment of death "I will lie with the one I love and loved by him"(Sophocles, 2). Throughout the play the reader can see the viewpoint of an obedient woman, a rebellious woman, and the social norms required for both of them.
When Antigone comes to her sister for assistance in burying their brother’s body, Ismene refuses. While this may be seen as an example of her cowardly, docile nature, such as how the line “You ought to realize we are only women” (61) is often interpreted, it shows that Ismene was aware of where she stood in Theban society. It is common knowledge that Ancient Greece was a patriarchy, with women holding little to no political power. Even beyond the fact that she and Antigone are women living in a male-dominated society, Ismene recognizes how low their family has fallen, with herself and Antigone being the children of a kin-slayer and his wife. A reasonable person in Ismene’s situation would most likely have acted in a similar manner, as it would be far too great of a risk to defy Creon. Ismene was simply aware that no one would come to the aid of Oedipus’s daughters when they faced “the edict of death”
In the play Antigone by Sophocles, Ismene and Antigone attributes are extremely different from each other. The main difference between the both of them is that Antigone creates change through the play with her bravery while Ismene hopes that she can make a change without any action. This difference is mainly shown through the decision to whether or not to bury their brother Polynices. Antigone is brave and foolish throughout the play while Ismene is cowardly.
Although Ancient Greece was a male dominant society, Antigone, written by Sophocles, portrays women as being strong and capable of making wise decisions. In this tragedy, Sophocles used the characters Ismene and Antigone to display the different characteristics and roles that women are typical of interpreting. In the Ancient Greek culture, women were traditionally characterized as weak and subordinate, which is reflected in the character, Ismene. However, through the character of Antigone, Sophocles goes beyond the typical stereotypes and presents realistic viewpoints about women.