DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Abstract
This paper describes the basic technological blee of Digital Image Processing . Image processing is basically classified in to three categories: The Rectification and Restoration, Enhancement and Information Extraction. The Rectification deals with incipient processing of raw image data to correct for geometric distortion, to calibrate the data radiometrically and to eliminate noise present in the data. The enhancement procedures are applied to image data in order to display the data for subsequent visual interpretation effectively. It involves various techniques for increasing the visual distinction between features in a scene. The objective of the information extraction operations is to replace visual analysis
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Image Acquisition: This is the first step of the fundamental steps of digital image processing. Image acquisition could be as simple as being given an image that is already in the digital form. Generally, the image acquisition stage involves the preprocessing, such as scaling etc.
2. Image Enhancement: Image enhancement is among the simplest and most appealing areas of the digital image processing. Basically, the idea behind enhancement techniques is to bring out detail that is esoteric, or simply to highlight certain features of interest in an image. Such as, changing brightness, lightness and contrast etc. 3. Image Restoration: Image restoration is an area that also deals with improving the appearance of the given image. However unlike enhancement, which is subjective, image restoration is objective, in the sense that the restoration techniques tends to be based on mathematical or probabilistic models of image degradation.
4. Color Image Processing: Color image processing is an area that has been gaining its importance because of the major increase in the use of digital images over the Internet. This may include color modeling and processing in a digital
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Knowledge Base: Knowledge may be as simple as detailing regions of an image where the information of interest is known to be located, thus limiting the search that has to be conducted in seeking that information. The knowledge base also can be quite complex, such as an interrelated list of all major possible defects in a materials inspection problem or an image database containing high-resolution satellite images of a region in connection with change-detection applications.
Applications of Digital Image Processing:
• Digital cameras generally include specialized digital image processing hardware – either dedicated chips or added circuitry on other chips – to convert the raw data from their image sensor into a color-corrected image in a standard image file format. Images from digital cameras can be further processed to improve their quality or to create desired special effects. This additional processing is typically executed by special software programs that can manipulate the images in a variety of ways.
• Artistic effects are used to make images more visually appealing, to add special effects and to make composite images.
• Image processing techniques are used extensively by law enforcers Number plate recognition for speed cameras/automated toll system, Fingerprint recognition . Enhancement of CCTV
Digital photographs is the art and science of producing and manipulating digital photographs that are represented as bit maps. Digital photographs can be produced in a number of ways:Directly with a digital camera, By capturing a frame from a video and By scanning a conventional photograph.
When one talks about art there are many aspects that they could be talking about. Art could be seen as a painting but it could also be seen as a sculpture or sketch. When thinking about art the possibilities of how it could be used is endless. Art could be used in interior decorating or designing something extraordinary but it could also be used as self-expression of suppressed feelings that are unknown to the consciousness.
other to create stunning effects. Lastly, I analyzed the different media and materials used and
affect on all of the arts as well as the visual arts; as artists began
The Role of Computer Generated Imagery in the Film Industry Computer Generated Imagery is the special effects used in motion pictures to create a visual depiction of an illusion that can not be easily created in real life. Directors of major motion pictures have been using these technologies since the early days of the personal computer. Early on, when and special effects were in their beginning stages, it was difficult to make efficient and effective effects that are well accepted by the movie critics and the general public. An evolution of special effects and the introduction of computerized animation brought the standards for movie effects to a higher level. The development of new methods of Computer Generated Imagery for less money and more effective than in the past has allowed even fairly low budget movies to incorporate such technology.
Typically, conservation involves the maintenance and care of an object to prevent future damage, while restoration on the other hand normally involves repair of damaged and/or decayed pieces of art and an effort to restore each piece to its original form and condition. In actuality, conservation and restoration go hand in hand by way of preservation, and are both critical in the study and appreciation of art for future generations, in spite of all the problems and criticism.
According to the Smithsonian Institution, Restoration aims to repair loss paintings may have suffered, such as: paint chipping, weakened canvases, tears, water damage, fire damage, and insect damage. In this process, the restorer does not aim to replace or cover up the original work with something better, but to “stabilize the remaining original artwork and integrate any repairs in order to preserve the artist's original intent.” (Smithsonian)* * Despite conservators not having the intention to the message portrayed by a painting by cleaning it, many art critics still find issue with this practice; one painting cleaning in particular sparked much controversy throughout the art community, Leonardo Da Vinci’s “The Virgin and Child with St. Anne”. **The classic painting was cleaned of its discolored varnish that left the image of the work to darken throughout the years.
Some full-color digital images are processed using a variety of techniques to create black-and-white results, and some manufacturers produce digital cameras that exclusively shoot monochrome. Monochrome printing or electronic display can be used to salvage certain photographs taken in color which are unsatisfactory in their original form; sometimes when presented as black-and-white or single-color-toned images they are found to be more effective. Although color photography has long predominated, monochrome images are still produced, mostly for artistic reasons. Almost all digital cameras have an option to shoot in monochrome, and almost all image editing software can combine or selectively discard RGB color channels to produce a monochrome image from one shot in color. The biggest invention would have to be color photography, they found out how to make it a resonable price, this made photography truly came to life. In the early 1940s, all color films (but not Kodachrome, 1935) were brought to the market. These films used the new technology of dye coupled colors. In this chemical process, it connects the three dye layers together to create a visible color image. After color film was brought out there needed to be an easier way for photography to be more on the go. In 1948 Edwin Herbert Land made this possible by inventing the polaroid camera. He made a one step process for developing and printing photos which created instant
Today most art education programs are made up of four components. One of these components is art aesthetics. Aesthetics is the study of the nature of a piece of artwork. It analyzes the work by asking specific questions regarding the artist and the piece. The viewer becomes the judge in a sense. It tries to discover what the artwork might be representing. They could also ask what type of emotion the artist was trying to convey in their work. The viewer also takes part in analyzing the physical aspects and characteristics of the work. It focuses on the use of color, sequence and synchrony of an artwork. It notes the artist’s craftsmanship, artistic ability and proficiency in technique (Hoffman 1999).
Computer technology invades the film industry. The existence of computers have aided in the production of genres of film ranging from action movie special effects, to cartoon animation and claymation. Computer Generated Imagery, better known as CGI, assists filmmakers in many ways. An image can be made two-dimensional from a three-dimensional scene, camera angles can be altered to make a character seem larger and thus more important than its surrounding bodies, and colors can be brightened or neutralized, among other things (Parsons, Oja 1). Without the aid of computers, movies would not have the ability to be what they are today.
In almost all areas, photography is used. From 1827-2014, it is still present and still being enhanced. From film photographs to digital photographs, camera companies today keep improving their cameras. They keep enhancing their cameras to produce better quality and resolution for photographs. Even non-professional photographers today buy and use their own camera to take their own photographs. Even cellphones today have their own built-in cameras.
The ability to alter images can open creative outlets for photographers and In turn, produce better quality work. Any photog...
All the direct and indirect techniques that are used to produce an image of the
Digital camera is a very important tool nowadays. People would always want to save their memories in the shape of pictures that will last forever. People were amazed when the first ever camera introduced back in hundreds of years ago. At that time camera consisted of large and impractical components and it was very hard to use. In fact, it even took quite some time to develop the pictures on the paper. But now there are some products of digital camera that are very easy to use and with its pocket-sized feature, one can carry it everywhere. There are several advantages of using digital camera: very easy to use, easy to carry on, instant feedback; which means one can immediately review the captured pictures and erase any pictures that they don’t like. One real advantage of digital camera is that one can share the pictures with other people easily thanks to the high speed internet connection. Before digital camera one has to print pictures, paying for postage, and waiting for the pictures to be delivered. Gone were that days since it is possible now to share the pictures online within minutes.
The first step is to transform the signal from analog to digital, if the camera itself is not digital already. The data is then processed and based on the results certain actions are taken. The processing occurs in the camera itself, if required hardware for this is built in, or the data is sent to a computer.