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European settlers and indigenous Australians
European settlers and indigenous Australians
European exploration and settlement
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INTRODUCTION.
The flinders ranges are incredibly famous for its topographical and geological history dating back to the ediacaran time and also the evidence of the customary individuals who occupied the area before the European settlement. The customary owners, the Adnyamathanha, existed in the flinders ranges for tens of thousands of years and the region holds a deep cultural significance to them. The Flinders ranges has been found and occupied for great number of years before the arrival of the Europeans but it was only with the entry of the main explorer Matthew Flinders did recorded history begin. However, the story of the molding of the area and their significance beliefs are said to have been passed on from era to era through what they
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The entry of the European changed their customary way of life and a large number of them began working as stockmen for animal rearing. Amid the early years of European settlement, a camp was kept near Beltana station however later moved closer to the town of warrioota creek. The first white men to reach the area was Captain Matthew Flinders and Robert Brown and his crew after whom it was named. After was Edward John Eyre who could be said to have explored the flinders ranges had brought both sheep and cattle from New South wales around 1839-1840 followed by Thomas Burr in 1842 and Captain Edward Charles Frome in 1843 who was a surveyor-general who headed an expedition of six men to the area. Charles Sturt explored the eastern shores of Lake Frome before facing north in search for an inland sea. Among others were John Bristow Hughes who occupied the Booyoolee run, The White brothers who established the Charlton run and John Horrocks who led an expedition in 1846. By 1849, the Brown brothers occupied the site of quorn and the Ragless brothers north eastern part Balcarie station. Most names given to the features in Flinders ranges were by the European settlers and Mt Deception and Mt Hopeless came about as a result of the disappointment in these areas by some of these men. The most well-known of the …show more content…
The name Beltana meaning “running water” was the name given to it by the early Aborigines and is a fully working sheep and cattle station. The next to explorer were the European while exploring the north. The best and first known was Edward John Eyre who travelled in an attempt to see what pastoral land lay north, followed by John McDouall Stuart in 1855 when he also pushed north looking for grazing land and runs for their sheep. However, the area has been established for pastoralism since the early 1850s before it was surveyed by John McDouall Stuart in 1855. Beltana station was first taken up by Robert Barr Smith in 1962 who got it from John Haimes with over 17,500 sheep and some cattle. Several thousands of nearby sheep also come to this area to shorn. Camels were imported into South Australia in 1866 which were some of the first and the first 109 camels went to Thomas Elder Umberatan station who was a partner to Robert Barr Smith in order for the camels to adapt to the changes in weather condition before they were been brought into Beltana station. In 1869, John parker Buttfield arrived and also Charles Todd 1870 who started the construction of the telegraph line to Darwin. It was in the year 1881 Beltana was built as a railway town. The effect of the drought, floods and world wars had an adverse effect on the surrounding area but the Beltana survived and during the 1875–1920, Beltana station was at its
According to Lambert (2012. pg13) Torres Islanders and Aboriginals ownership of land were classified ‘‘outside the “advanced” nations of Europe” as Aboriginals and Torres Islanders used land for “sustainability, cultural and spiritual terms”. (Lambert 2012 pg.13) Lambert suggests “affinity to the land was not recognised by Europeans because it did not conform to the manner and procedure of land ownership recording in Europe”. Jeff Lambert debates that Aboriginals lived in Australia before the European settlers.
The Australian Aborigines society is relatively well known in Western society. They have been portrayed accurately and inaccurately in media and film. Dr. Langton has attempted to disprove common myths about the infamous Australian society, as has her predecessors, the Berndt’s, and National Geographic author, Michael Finkel; I will attempt to do the same.
Art has been the reflection, interpretation and representation of artists' beliefs and morals eternally. Various artists stand for different matters that quite possibly affect their lives, or might be of an interest to them. Norval Morrisseau is an artist that I was intrigued by his portrayal and the techniques used in his paintings. In this paper, we are going to look at the implementation of Morrisseau's painting style used to expose his philosophies of different aspects in his life.
“How awful it is for that person which suffers this great wrath and infinite misery!”(Edwards 89-90). This is the best example of Edwards doing what he does best in his sermons; using literary devices to scare people. Why would anyone do this? Well, he uses fear for persuasion. How he does this is carefully and delicately layered in his words. Edwards uses loaded language, vivid imagery, and specific types of sentences in order to scare his audience into becoming better Puritans.
Lake Mungo is a dried up lake, located in the southwest of New South Wales. It is 90 kilometres west of Mildura, and 760 kilometres northeast of Sydney. It contains many historical artefacts which help us to understand how the Aboriginal People used to live. The purpose of this report is to illustrate Lake Mungo's importance and why it must be preserved. This report will cover Lake Mungo's history and historical findings, and how it can continue to be kept the way it is today.
Its meaning is paramount to traditional Aboriginal people, their lifestyle. and their culture, for it determines their values and beliefs. their relationship with every living creature and every characteristic. of the landscape of the city. Through a network of obligations involving themselves, the land, and the Ancestors, traditional Aboriginals.
Reynolds, H. (1990). With The White People: The crucial role of Aborigines in the exploration and development of Australia. Australia: Penguin Books
A human society is often described as a group of people involved in persistent personal relationships, or as a large social grouping sharing the same geographical or social territory. People tend to believe that doing what everyone else does, is the only correct path for life. If someone dares to break the pattern, does what he wants, or wears different clothes from what everybody else wear, he would frequently be seen as a strange or weird person. This is not it, every little thing someone does that differs from what it is “normal”, is seen as bad or bizarre. Holden Caulfield, of “Catcher in the Rye” is a character who stands out from common people. Holden doesn’t believe that he needs to follow what everyone else does. Contrary to that, Holden does what he wants and acts how he likes. By acting like this, Holden is not considered as a normal teenager, but as a unique one. Caulfield has often trouble fitting in society. Holden won’t fit into society because he doesn’t want to be a part of it. Hints displaying Holden not wanting to be part of society are his constant failing at school, his powerful revulsion for “phony” qualities, and his distancing himself from people.
Discussion Ancient Aboriginals were the first people to set foot on the Australian continent, over 40,000 years or more before colonization (Eckermann, 2010). They survived by hunting and gathering their food, worshipping the land to protect its resources, and ensuring their survival. The aboriginal community has adapted to the environment, building a strong framework of social, cultural, and spiritual beliefs (Eckermann, 2010). Colonisation of Australia began in 1788, when Englishman Captain Cook claimed the land as an empty, uninhabited, continent giving it the classification Terra Nullius and leaving it open to colonization. Eckermann (2010), stated that the English failed to recognise the aboriginal tribes as civilized, co-inhibiters of the land, feeling they had no right to a claim.
The indigenous Australian culture is one of the world’s oldest living cultures. Despite the negligence and the misunderstanding from the Europeans, Aboriginals were able to keep their culture alive by passing their knowledge by arts, rituals, performances and stories from one generation to another. Each tribe has its own language and way of using certain tools; however the sharing of knowledge with other tribes helps them survive with a bit easier with the usage of efficient yet primitive tools which helps a culture stay alive. Speaking and teaching the language as well as the protection of sacred sites and objects helps the culture stay...
Within the Hornsby Shire there are more than 900 landmarks and indicators of the occurrence of an Aboriginal settlement as a result from the local tribe, the Guringai people. A major place of significance is through the up keeping and findings within the ‘Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park.’ “Sir Henry Copeland (Australian Politician) named this location after the Aboriginal tribe whilst chase is an English word meaning an enclose land where animals were kept for hunting” (Hornsby Shire Council, n.d.) Throughout the landmark Aboriginal paintings, carvings, engravings, middens...
Watson, I 2002, Looking at you looking at me: Aboriginal culture and the history of the South-east of South Australia, vol. 1, Nairne, South Australia.
Ronald, M, Catherine, H, 1988, The World of the First Australians Aboriginal Traditional Life: Past and Present, Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra
Australia’s Indigenous people are thought to have reached the continent between 60 000 and 80 000 years ago. Over the thousands of years since then, a complex customary legal system have developed, strongly linked to the notion of kinship and based on oral tradition. The indigenous people were not seen as have a political culture or system for law. They were denied the access to basic human right e.g., the right to land ownership. Their cultural values of indigenous people became lost. They lost their traditional lifestyle and became disconnected socially. This means that they were unable to pass down their heritage and also were disconnected from the new occupants of the land.
The Eureka Stockade was considered the only armed uprising in Australia’s history. It was a riotous response to the un-affordable rise on the gold mining license and rights which was at its highest point, considered to be 1 pound and 10 shillings per month.