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Classical hollywood cinema and new hollywood cinema
Classical hollywood cinema and new hollywood cinema
Brief history of the film industry
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A film's production budget includes all costs during pre-production, filming, post-
production and promotional cost. This also includes buying the rights to the script, actor's
salaries, production staff salaries, set construction, special effects, wardrobe, craft services,
marketing, dog training if needed, everything! How much does "everything" cost depends
possibly on several things. The average production budget of a major studio film in 2007 was
$106 million. (http://www.mpaa.org/2007-US-Theatrical-Market-Statistics-Report.pdf.)
There is a financial concept called the Parkinson’s Law which is, the film’s budget will
go beyond what is expected and used up all the money that is available even if it help make the
film better or not. It is said that
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studio heads are not always truthful about the amount of money it takes to cover all expenses.
Honestly there is no way to tell just how much it will cost to
budget a film because the cost of living is forever changing and this can affect how much is spent
to put a film out. The money that it takes to cover the cost to make a film, not only comes from
the studios. There are outside investors who invest in film making because they can make a
profit. With box office sales, video on demand, DVDs and television licensing, not to mention
toy licensing if applicable investors profit for the lifetime of the films production.
(Romancing the Hedge Funds, Edward Jay Epstein)
From movie trailers, TV ads, billboards, and Web site advertisements, how you market a
film can make or break a movie. Marketing a film takes up a great deal of the money that is
spent to make a movie. For studio films, major money is spent on landing a big-name actor. The
logic is rather simple, big Movie Stars sell more tickets and they are more recognizable or
marketable internationally. There's no formula for success, when marketing a movie because
there is no way of knowing if people are going to like it or not so marketers must be very
creative to grab the public's
attention. Ultimately, the process of making a film comes down to making money! If you have the backing of a major studio or a well-known director or star it can greatly improve the chances of securing a good distribution deal. The distribution of a film is the final process to a movie’s release. It is very costly to distribute a movie and a distributor my feel confident enough that they will make a profit on their investment. Once a distributor is interested in a film there is an agreement made between the studio and the distribution company based on the financial model, whether or not they will lease the movie or choose to profit share. When distributors choose the leasing model, they agree to pay a fixed amount of money for the rights to distribute the film they are interested in. If the distributor and the studio agree to have a profit-sharing relationship, the distributor gets a net profit of what is made from the movie. In any case both models can be good or bad, depending on how well a movie does at the box office. Making money is goal of both the studio and the distribution company and they must try to predict the model in which will benefit them the most. Once the distributor obtains the rights to a film, then they determine the best strategy to officially debut the movie. Obviously, if a movie that has everything, including major studio backing, big stars and a great story it is probably going to open big and do very well.
These days the money and personnel that go into creating a movie is scandalous. It is almost unbelievable that every time they don’t come out with anything less than a classic. Luckily this is true in the case of "Ferris Buller’s Day Off", which features some of the best casted actors for a long time and costs in the region of $5.8 million. Luckily, it is fantastic - and this is why.
The stars, particularly Hollywood stars, made a huge contribution to attracting vast numbers of people to the cinema.
Movies today are extremely expensive to make and are typically financed through either film studio contracts or from investors willing to take a risk. In order to be successful, movies need to be marketed and distributed either under contract by the film studios or by companies that specialize in such services. The aspects of financing, marketing and distribution of films have changed between the studio and independent systems over the years as the evolution of the film industry took place.
The money brought in from the movie was massive for it’s time . When first proposed the plan for the budget was $350,000.This was later change the scheduled for a 24-day shoot and a budget of $454,864.In the first month it made a million in the U.S. before the end of the year it made an additional 2.5 million. Even though it wasn’t the top selling movie of the year it still made a good amount of money.
Most people are likely to relate Hollywood with money. If a person lives in the Hollywood area, people assume she or he is probably rich. If she or he is a Hollywood movie star, the person probably makes a lot of money. Therefore, to follow that line of thought, when Hollywood producers make a movie, they make it just for money. And some filmmakers do seem to make films only for the money the movies will earn. The action movie "Die Hard", the fantasy movie "Star Wars", and the adventure movie "Jurassic Park" are examples of exciting movies that were made just for the money by satisfying the audiences' appetite for escapism.
As can be seen in exhibit to solution 2, we have estimated the per-film value of each production company. MCA Universal, Warner Brothers and Walt Disney Co are the only production companies that provide a positive per film value, with values of 9.89, 1.92, 12.56 million respectively. This value is calculated by dividing the net present value of all the movies by the total number of movies. We also calculated the average value of each production company based upon their share of the total number of movies produced. The companies with positive values were MCA Universal, Warner Brothers and Walt Disney Co is also the only production companies that provide a positive per film value, with values of 1.40, 0.37, 1.40 million respectively. These values are based on the average value per film multiplied by the company's average share of the industry.
Now that we have a script, and we'll cut out the process of submitting it to movie studios, the next step would be pre-production. For this purpose, we'll use a fictional studio and call it L 0 L studios. This studio, after accepting the script, would hire a producer. Let's use a name here, like Richard Donner. His job is to hire a director, audition a cast, find a location to film, or decide if it can be done on a sound stage (possibly both), and try to keep it all under budget. Our director would be James Cameron, because with his success recently, his name alone would bring people to see this movie, which is the whole goal of the project. Casting is difficult, because certain factors have to be looked at, such as looks, (do they look the part?
George Lucas is a proclaimed god in the film industry. His experience spans decades and his movies span generations. He is one of the most known celebrities in the world. With a flashy net worth of over $4.2 billion, one wonders how a mere writer could acquire such wealth. To understand this, one must delve deep into Lucas’ past and analyze his first success and his early failures.
Films were blossoming during the “Roaring twenties.” At the beginning of the decade, films were created mostly in Hollywood and West Coast, but as well as in Arizona and New Jersey. Most people do not know that the greatest output of films was between 1920 and 1930 and was 800 films per year. Nowadays, people consider big output of 500 films per year. The film business was a huge one because the capital investments were over $2 billion. At the end of the decade there were 20 studios in Hollywood and the interest in films was greater then ever.
The Studio System Key point about the studio system could be: Despite being one of the biggest industries in the United States, indeed the World, the internal workings of the 'dream factory' that is Hollywood is little understood outside the business. The Hollywood Studio System: A History is the first book to describe and analyse the complete development, classic operation, and reinvention of the global corporate entities which produce and distribute most of the films we watch. Starting in 1920, Adolph Zukor, head of Paramount Pictures, over the decade of the 1920s helped to fashion Hollywood into a vertically integrated system, a set of economic innovations which was firmly in place by 1930.
With this short but very interesting and informative class I have just scratched the surface of the what it takes to make a full fleged film. It takes much more than I had presumed to make a movie in Hollywood. The number of people that it takes to make a minute of a movie let alone the entire movie was astonishing to me. There are many things that it takes to start making a movie but without an idea of some sort there is no movie to be made.
Film, as a traditional and beloved media, has been influential on people's life. We spend time in the cinema to be entertained, touched, scared and experience romantic love story and exotic places. As one of the most famous film industry base in the world, Hollywood, produces and sell their movie products all over the world.
Suppliers, being the movie studios, can basically charge whatever they want for the viewing rights to new movies.
Maria G Mackavey. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge. Hollywood: Sep 2006. Vol 9 iss; pg244 6pgs
In the following text I am going to answer this questions focusing on television and movies in the near future.