Factors Affecting the Decomposition of Marble Buildings by Acid Rain
Background
Acid Rain:
Nitrogen acids and sulphur dioxides come out of tall chimneys and vehicles. These go into the air, and air currents carry the gases away, and they react with water vapour and oxygen. This produces H2SO4
(sulphuric acid) and HNO3 (nitric acid). The acids become part of a cloud, and it falls down to earth, as acid rain or snow. This can end up miles away from the original source. The acid rain removes nutrients from soil, so plants can not get to them, so this eventually kills surrounding die. It can also get into lakes and rivers, which can kill fish. The same is true for acid snow as it kills fish in rivers and lakes.
Rates of reactions:
This is how quick a reaction is, you can find out the rate of a reaction by seeing how much of it is used up in a particular amount of time. You could also measure how much is produced as a result of the reaction in a particular amount of time.
Reactions take place because of collisions, the particles (can be atoms, ions or molecules) collide, and a reaction occurs between particles. If there are more collisions, the reaction will be much quicker. But it also depends on whether the collision has enough energy, to be successful. If there is not enough energy, then the collision will be unsuccessful, but if there is, it will be successful, and a reaction will occur. Unsuccessful collisions take place when the activation energy is not reached. The activation energy is the amount of energy needed for a successful collision.
There are factors which affect the rate of a reaction, and also if the collisions are successful or not. Temperature rise gives particles more energy, and as thy move around more and much quicker they have collisions. Also it gives particles more energy, so that when they collide the collisions are more successful. Both these things mean that there is a faster reaction rate. But, if temperature decreases there is a slower reaction rate, as there is less energy. If there is larger surface area, it also means that reactions are quicker. The reason for this is that there are more particles exposed to take part in collisions. So the more collisions means, more successful collisions, and a faster reaction rate. If surface area is decreased, then there are fewer exposed particles, therefore a slower reaction rate. Also concentration, affects reaction rate. In gases it is the pressure. If there is a greater concentration, then there are more particles in the same volume.
For this experiment, you will add the measured amount of the first sample to the measured amount of the second sample into its respectively labeled test tube then observe if a reaction occurs. In your Data Table, record the samples added to each test tube, describe the reaction observed, if any, and whether or not a chemical reaction took place.
The purpose of the experiment is to study the rate of reaction through varying of concentrations of a catalyst or temperatures with a constant pH, and through the data obtained the rate law, constants, and activation energies can be experimentally determined. The rate law determines how the speed of a reaction occurs thus allowing the study of the overall mechanism formation in reactions. In the general form of the rate law it is A + B C or r=k[A]x[B]y. The rate of reaction can be affected by the concentration such as A and B in the previous equation, order of reactions, and the rate constant with each species in an overall chemical reaction. As a result, the rate law must be determined experimentally. In general, in a multi-step reac...
There are numerous stages that take place simultaneously in the hydrologic cycle and this includes evaporation. This is when the water alters from a liquid state into a gas. The damp air from the water rises into the atmosphere and when it cools, the vapor condenses and shapes into clouds. But those billows are not the only form the vapors make; it can also materialize as dew, fog and mist, which blanket the Earth, characteristically on a rainy or humid day. Evaporation takes place when water changes from a liquid state into a gaseous state, and ascents out of the pores of the earth and into the atmosphere as a vapor (“How”). While evaporation is taking place, condensation is also occurring. When the temperature in the air plunges, the clouds become heavy and as a result they relieve themselves of the extra weight, which is called precipitation. This produces rain, hail, snow and sleet, conditioned upon the temperate. As the precipitation falls, it enters the surface of the ground and percolates into the soil, which is called infiltration. The more porous the land is, the more the infiltration can take place. However, the ground cannot hold all of that water and floods. The excess rainfall, which is also called runoff that has not been absorbed makes its way into bodies of water, such as small ponds, rivers, lakes and parts of the ocean (“Summary”).
Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate arrow calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water. HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) arrow CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) Things that affect the reaction rate of this experiment are: 1. The temperature of the hydrochloric acid. 2.
The activation energy is reduced so that there is a better chance of particles having enough energy to react. Reactants will need less. energy to react to. 2. What is the difference between a..
anyway) Note these factors affect the rate of the reaction, but not the final. amount of carbon dioxide produced). Why these factors affect it: higher temperature makes atoms move more. so they are more likely to bump into each other and react.
Experiment is to investigate the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate Þ Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon Dioxide 2HCl (aq) CaCo3 (s) CaCl2(s) H2O (aq) CO2 (g) There are a number of variables in this experiment and these are listed below as input variables and outcome variables.
will result in an increase in the speed of the rate of reaction it has
Chemical kinetics is a branch of chemistry that involves reaction rates and the steps that follow in. It tells you how fast a reaction can happen and the steps it takes to make complete the reaction (2). An application of chemical kinetics in everyday life is the mechanics of popcorn. The rate it pops depends on how much water is in a kernel. The more water it has the quicker the steam heats up and causes a reaction- the popping of the kernel (3). Catalysts, temperature, and concentration can cause variations in kinetics (4).
• An increase in the temperature of the system will increase the rate of reaction. Again, using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution diagram, we can see how the temperature affects the reaction rate by seeing that an increase in temperature increases the average amount of energy of the reacting particles, thus giving more particles sufficient energy to react.
Collisions between reacting particles are therefore more likely to occur. All this can be understood better with a full understanding of the collision theory itself: For a reaction to occur particles have to collide with each other. Only a small percentage result in a reaction. This is due to the energy barrier that is overcoming.
Investigating the Effects of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid Introduction Chemical kinetics is the study and examination of chemical reactions regarding re-arrangement of atoms, reaction rates, effect of various variables, and more. Chemical reaction rates, are the rates of change in amounts or concentrations of either products or reactants. Concentration of solutions, surface area, catalysts, temperature and the nature of reactants are all factors that can influence the rate of reaction. Increasing the concentration of a solution allows the rate of reaction to increase because highly concentrated solutions have more molecules and as a result the molecules collide faster. Surface area also affects reaction rate because when the surface area of a reactant is increased, more particles are exposed to the other reactant.
Investigating How the Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid Affects the Rate of Reaction with Calcium Carbonate
One vital process in the human body observed in chemistry is the idea of chemical kinetics. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rate of reactions, or how fast reactions occur.1 Three factors that affect chemical kinetics are concentration, temperature, and catalysis. As the concentration of a substance increases, the rate of the reaction also increases.1 This relationship is valid because when more of a substance is added in a reaction, it increases the likelihood that the