The spreadsheet from the eLearn titled “Experiment I data” was downloaded to the computer. There were three inhibitors data given. The slope (V0) was calculated for each inhibitor data using the time versus response. The formula used to calculate slope was typed = slope (B6:B11, $A$6: $A$11) in the cell right below the last Reponses, and then from that cell dragged horizontally to get the rest of the slope. This step was repeated for Inhibitor 2, and 3 data.
After all the slopes (V0) was calculated for all the inhibitors, the slopes was copied (Ctrl+C) separated depend on the label said I =0, I=5, I=15, I=20 and pasted the cells that labeled V0 under the substrate 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320. This step was repeated for Inhibitor 2, and 3.
A graph was constructed for each inhibitor by selected the substrate concentration and V0 of I=0, then the Smooth Line scatter was used to plot the data for this graph. The data of I=5, 15, 20 was copied ( ctrl+C) and pasted on the graph also. The Title of the charge, x-axis, y-axis, and legend were added properly. This step was repeated for inhibitor 2 and 3.
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Next, the Double Reciprocal (or Lineweaver-Burk plots) was obtained by calculated the reciprocal of the substrate concentration [S] and V0.
The reciprocal formular was typed “=1/” and the [S] cell was selected. The reciprocal of V0 was also done the same way. This procedure was repeated for I=5,15,20 and inhibitor 2 and 3 to yield all the reciprocal data. The plot for Lineweaver-Burk was constructed by using the Marked Scatter graph. The trend line, title and the equation were added to the graph used the chart layout. The graph also was set backward 0.1 period to see where the line hits the X and Y-axis and is use to identify what inhibitor the graph
displayed. The last part of this lab was calculate the Vmax and Km. The 1/Vmax data were entered in the cell based on the equation y=mx+b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept, displayed on the graph for each I=0, 5, 15, 20. The 1/Vmax was b value. Vmax value was calculated by formula =1/(1/Vmax). The -1/Km was calculated by using the y=mx+b equation. The 0 was plugged in Y and then solved for X (-1/Km). Km was calculated by the formula =1/(-1/Km). This procedure was repeated for inhibitor 2 and 3. Results and Discussion: After performing this experiment and obtained data and graph, we can use it as an instrumental in determine the types of inhibitor. The Lineweaver –Burk gave the linear line, which is easier to read than the Michaelis –Menten, which gave the hyperbolic graph. Based on the Lineweaer-Burk Graph, the Km and Vmax values can be determine by looking at the x and y-intercept of the graph. y-intercept = 1/Vmax, and x-intercept =-1/Km. After took the reciprocal of these value it gave the Km and Vmax. The slope (V0) was calculated for each inhibitor data using the time versus response. The formula used to calculate slope was typed = slope (B6:B11, $A$6: $A$11) in the cell right below the last Reponses, and then from that cell dragged horizontally to get the rest of the slope. Inhibitor 1:
Antiarrhythmic agents are used to suppress abnormal rhythms of the heart. Many attempts have been made to classify antiarrhythmic agents. There is a problem from the fact that many of the antiarrhythmic agents have multiple actions, making any classification accurate. Betapace (sotalol) comes in tablets and solution for oral a...
Data table 1 Well plate Contents Glucose concentration A 3 drops 5% sucrose + 3 drops distilled water Negative B 3 drops milk+3 drops distilled water Negative C 3 drops 5% sucrose +3 drops lactase Negative D 3 drops milk +3 drops lactase 15+ E 3 drops 20% glucose +3 drops distilled water 110 ++ Questions B. In this exercise, five reactions were performed. Of those reactions, two were negative controls and one was a positive control.
We then took 1ml of the 0.1% solution from test tube 2 using the glucose pipette and added it to test tube 3, we then used the H2O pipette and added 9ml of H2O into test tube 3 creating 10ml of 0.01% solution.
Random and systematic errors are both factors that can affect the reliability and accuracy of the results respectively. As all the graphs contained outliers, and hence, scatter, this indicates that random errors were present. Such errors may result from the inconsistent masses of the Alka Seltzer tablets. As these tablets were cut manually with a knife, it is unlikely that the mass of each half of an Alka Seltzer tablet would be the same. Thus, when using the tablets to react with HCl, the true number of tablets reacting would have not been the same as the number denoted for the trial, and with each repeated trial for the same number of tablets reacting, the reacting mass and ratio would have not been inconsistent. Consequently, the
Research My first research experience took place from the Fall 2012 – Summer 2013 in a neurobiology laboratory (Dr. Daniel Plas) focused on Parkinson’s Disease. In this project an undergrad student and I were tasked with optimizing a cellular medium for neural growth of the model organism Lymnaea stagnalis. This was comprised of following established protocols and altering certain variables within the formulas (differing concentrations of ions, pH, et al.) to observe growth pattern differences in vitro.
The results of this experiment are shown in the compiled student data in Table 1 below.
The book Into The Wild, written by Jon Krakauer, tells the story of Chris McCandless a young man who abandoned his life in search of something more meaningful than a materialistic society. In 1992 Chris gave his $ 25,000 savings to charity, abandoned his car and most of his possessions, and burned all of his money to chase his dream. Chris’s legacy was to live in simplicity, to find his purpose, and to chase his dreams.
An Investigation into the Effect of Lipase Concentration on the Hydrolysis Of Fats Using the data loggers a recording of the pH was taken every 5 seconds and for each experiment the data loggers produced graphs of the change in pH. From each of these graphs a gradient was calculated which showed the rate of pH change per second. Firstly I calculated the gradients by choosing the steepest section of the graph and dividing the change in pH of this section by the time. However this method proved to be quite inaccurate giving very varied results, for example in these results the average rate of reaction for the 4% lipase solution (-0.457 pH/min) was lower than the 3% lipase solution (-0.471 pH/min). Also the rates in the 2% lipase solution ranged from -0.01 pH/min to -0.95 pH/min showing little reliability in the results. This was partly as I was only guessing which the steepest part of the graph was.
Dependent variable: We are measuring the time taken for the pink indicator to turn clear when hydrochloric acid is added to it. Independent variable: We are changing the molar of hydrochloric acid we are adding to the gelatine cubes. The molars range from 1-3.
How to Analyze the Regression Analysis Output from Excel In a simple regression model, we determine if variable Y is linearly dependent on variable X, meaning that whenever X changes, Y also changes linearly. A linear relationship is a straight line relationship, expressed as Y = α + βX + e. Here, Y is the dependent variable, and X is the independent variable.
It is said that Western civilization had been primarily male dominated and as a result as diminished the feminine. Women’s roles in society have changed drastically over the past decades. While it took much time, progress for women’s rights has blossomed. Influences in civilization have affected view points of the commonly held mores, expectations, and stereotypes which define gender.
Television has affected every aspect of life in society, radically changing the way individuals live and interact with the world. However, change is not always for the better, especially the influence of television on political campaigns towards presidency. Since the 1960s, presidential elections in the United States were greatly impacted by television, yet the impact has not been positive. Television allowed the public to have more access to information and gained reassurance to which candidate they chose to vote for. However, the media failed to recognize the importance of elections. Candidates became image based rather than issue based using a “celebrity system” to concern the public with subjects regarding debates (Hart and Trice). Due to “hyperfamiliarity” television turned numerous people away from being interested in debates between candidates (Hart and Trice). Although television had the ability to reach a greater number of people than it did before the Nixon/Kennedy debate, it shortened the attention span of the public, which made the overall process of elections unfair, due to the emphasis on image rather than issue.
Record any observations made. (A clear positive reaction for the 2% glucose control and a clear negative reaction for the water control should be seen).
Ophardt, C. (2003). ph scale. In Virtual Chembook. Elmhurst, IL: Elmhurst College. Retrieved from http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/184ph.html
Quantitative methods in the social sciences are an effective tool for understanding patterns and variation in social data. They are the systematic, numeric collection and objective analysis of data that can be generalized to a larger population and seek to find cause in variance (Matthews and Ross 2010, p.141; Henn et al. 2009, p.134). These methods are often debated, but quantitative measurement is important to the social sciences because of the numeric evidence that can be used to drive more in depth qualitative research and to focus regional policy, to name a few (Johnston et al. 2014). Basic quantitative methods, such as descriptive and inferential statistics, are used regularly to identify and explain large social trends that can then