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Budgeting Concepts
Budgeting Concepts
Principles behind successful project management systems and procedures
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Name: Qian Guo Course: MGT609WS-W1 Instructor's name: Dr. Alan C. Maltz Week 7 Summary In week 7, we have talked about the development of project budgets. Project implementation focuses on the project budget and authorizes the Pproject Mmanager to obtain resources required to begin work. There are different budget techniques and what budget technique will be used will depend on the project type. Budgeting techniques include: A Ttop-down approach is based on collecting the judgments and experiences of top and middle managers, and available past data concerning similar activities. The advantage of this strategy is that aggregate budgets can often be developed quite accurately, and small yet costly tasks do not need to be individually identified. …show more content…
Senior managers see the bottom-up process as risky and they tend not to be particularly trusting of ambitious subordinates who they fear may overstate resource requirements. They are reluctant to hand over control to subordinates whose experience and motives are questionable. After explaining the budget techniques, we have some areas for discussion. The first question is about the budget process for the projects that you have been involved with. In my past projects, once we finished the final design of a project we moved on to the budgeting process. In a budgeting process, we count each part of the product to estimate the total cost of the project. Then we add up the labor cost and an extra 10% left over in case of any unexpected event. The final budget we proposed would be reviewed by our supervisor to make the final …show more content…
When making a budget for a project, we would build in an extra 10% to ensure it covers any unforeseen event. Then in processing the project, any cost must be accounted clearly. Every team member should be informed of the current usage of all resources. Then the listed usage should be accessible to everyone at any time. The project manager should also keep forecasting the cost as the project processing. The project manager should also consider backup plans for the project to ensure the projectit will end within the budget limitation. There are four ways to keep budget planning from becoming a game. The first is the sSteer clear of too-precise estimates, which can imply the total time taken to finish the project is a reality and not an estimation. Stakeholders could deal with business choices by considering these evaluations. The second way is considering leverage cost-estimating experts. These specialists play an important role in defining work, or scope, of the project. The third way is giving stakeholders a behind-the-scenes look that indicatesing to the stakeholders the points of interest behind your estimation and how this was accomplished. This gives them the certainty that you will have the capacity to deliver. The last way is keeping on open dialogue with stakeholders. It is very import to continue the communication with the stakeholders about the estimates and minor changes
The budget is a method in which to reign-in discretionary spending, and will likely show variances between what costs have been anticipated and what costs are actually incurred. The Budget Process Budgetary planning may differ between organizations. Single-period budgets and rolling budgets have methodologies that provide advantages and disadvantages that may make one budget time frame better than another. A single period may require less time in planning during a fiscal year, but is less accurate than a rolling budget that is continuously planned on a repetitive basis. In either case, budgets are planned in advance in order for a company to operate profitably, and less so to have "actual results equal budgeted results."
At the beginning of any project, a project manager along with the management team will create an estimate of time and costs, which will lead to the initial approved budget amount. As most project managers know, "Past experience is a good starting point for developing team and cost estimates.
In estimating the project cost, I need to determine which method is preferred to use either top down or bottom up approach. As an owner, I will choose that will fit my project which is the top down strategy because I should know how much the project should cost. In addition, this amount is divided between the work packages. Also, according to the text, the advantage of the top-down budgeting approach is that it focuses on achieving the project within the budget allocated and leads to efficiencies and reduction in wasteful practices. In other words, project will equally distribute evenly to all the workers who are part of the project.
Since there is criticism towards traditional budgeting, the different approach to the traditional budget has gained its momentum. Over the years, traditional budgeting lost its relevance with the modern business world, and it no longer satisfies the needs of the managers. With new budgetary systems alternatives, it will suit better for the need of the modern business.
Participative budgeting has the advantage of transferring information from the subordinate to their superior This knowledge is likely to be more reliable and accurate as the subordinate has direct contact with the activity and therefore is in the best position to make budget estimates. Participative Budgeting also gives subordinates the opportunity to discuss organisational issues with superiors, in which an exchange of information and ideas can help to solve problems and agree future actions (Nouri & Parker 1998). This transferral of information is important particularly when dealing with a matter of high task difficulty as, the more difficult a task, the greater the need for consultation with subordinates. Participative budgeting has a higher performance rate when dealing with more difficult and more volatile tasks than non consultative budgeting (Lau & Tan 1998)
My current environment is a non-profit organization where project completion to within budget and schedule is the main goal. The program budget and schedule are derived from the excepted proposal. The program managers are the one who will determine the scope of a project using data from past similar projects, if there is one, to make educated guess of how long a project takes to complete. The estimate time the project takes to complete and the dollar amount require to do this is put in the proposal. The proposal is used as a bid for the project. If project is awarded, the program manager will design a detail cost schedule to be monitored and controlled. The estimate cost and the actual cost is closely monitor on weekly basis. If there
Quantitative plans are called budgets. Budgets are prepared to impose cost controls on the activities of an organization (Chenhall, 1986).Budgets are then used to evaluate the performance of the management and budget itself is considered as a standard to evaluate the performance Solomon, 1956). The purpose of the budget is also to implement the strategy of the organization and communicate it to the employees of the organization Rickards (2006). The change in the external environment has led to the change in the budgeting approaches from the initial cash based budgets to the zerio based budgets (Bovaird, 2007).
A budgetary estimate is used to allocate money into an organization's budget. Many organizations develop budgets at least two years into the future. Budgetary estimates are made one to two years prior to the software project completion. The accuracy of budgetary estimates is typically ten percent below to twenty-five percent above the actual final cost of the project.
To test the financial feasibility and plan acceptability, there must be information on the magnitude, and share of estimated project cost that are reimbursable. This information can be derived from cost allocation. Also where cost sharing is required in the multipurpose planning process cost allocation can be applied. Cost allocation also provides information necessary for allocating the real expenditures ensuring that the cost account are maintained in line with plan formulation and allocation principles during the subsequent c...
All organizations operate with some form of a budget or spending limit. Duties and Responsibilities Budget analysts are responsible for considering the benefits and costs of tasks that range from small projects to organization-wide initiatives. Determining how much funding a project or initiative receives is influenced by whether the benefits outweigh the costs, and if so, by how much. To illustrate the benefits
At my company, a budget for expecting expenses associated with a particular property will be planned. Improvements on the property and projected cash inflow will be assessed in order to have the needed cash handy for the upcoming month.
The Budget as a Planning Tool From the definition of the term “budget”, it is clear that the major purpose of a budget is to plan the resources for an organization, as well as for its future growth. A budget can be used as a planning tool because it helps organizations analyze the available resources, so that it can allocate the expenditures within reasonable amounts; based on the resources accessible to the organization. The planning of the usage of resources is critical for an organization because it helps to
Whatever type of budget we create, we need to take this fact into the consideration that the budget process is a multidimensional process. There are tools which enable us to make better financial decisions such as “financial statements, assessments of risk, time value of the money, macroeconomic
Budget is becoming more and more important in the company and organization nowadays, the enterprise can get the benefits when adopted the budget. Budget is a good way to execute the strategic plan of the company. However, set the budget is not enough, the enterprise need to use the budgetary control to make the budget plan running effectively
Project management involves all activities that encompass scheduling, planning, and controlling projects. A successful project manager ensure that an organization’s resources are being used both efficiently and effectively. Most projects need to be uniquely developed require a sense of customization and the ability to adapt to any posed challenges. The scope of effective project management includes defining what the project is and what is being expected to be accomplished. Projects are imposed to fulfill a certain need and project managers must have the ability to create the proper definition. Goals and the means used to attain those goals have to be clearly stated. Project Managers must also have the ability to plan