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Budgeting as a tool of performance in organisations
Budgeting as a tool of performance in organisations
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“Budgetary control is part of overall organisation control and is concerned primarily with the control of performance. The use of budgetary control in performance management has of late taken on greater importance especially as a more integrative control mechanism for the organisation”. Critically evaluate this claim, supporting your discussion with both theoretical arguments and practical example.
Budget is becoming more and more important in the company and organization nowadays, the enterprise can get the benefits when adopted the budget. Budget is a good way to execute the strategic plan of the company. However, set the budget is not enough, the enterprise need to use the budgetary control to make the budget plan running effectively
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Through budgetary control the company obtain the chance to make changes and adjust or amend the current strategic plan on the right way to be successful. Every company cannot always be lucky when they adopt their budget into real activities, they need change or adjust it based on the cost and the profits it generated. Budgetary control make the financial officials much easier to make corrective decisions before the issue of the budget grow and become hard to change.
2. Budget can coordinate different departments into same or different activities as a whole. Different departments or modules in the same company can contribute their efforts into the activities. The good way of the company unite all the modules together is the budgetary control. Thus can improve the performance and coordination of the company. It can also improve the communication between employees. Employee in the same company may not have the enough change to speak or coordinate with people from different modules. They got this chance to communicate with the people they may not have a talk. Thus can enhance the teamwork and improve the skills of
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4 Phases of a Budget Cycle. [online] Available at: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/4-phases-budget-cycle-71723.html [Accessed 25 Jun. 2015].
Small Business - Chron.com, (2015). The Advantages & Disadvantages of Flexible and Static Budgets. [online] Available at: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-flexible-static-budgets-23430.html [Accessed 25 Jun. 2015].
Yourarticlelibrary.com, (2015).Budgetary Control: 9 Limitations of Budgetary Control – Explained!. [online] Available at: http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/budget/budgetary-control-9-limitations-of-budgetary-control-explained/25770/ [Accessed 26 Jun. 2015].
Sciencedirect.com, (2015). Management control systems and strategy: A critical review . [online] Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361368295000402 [Accessed 26 Jun. 2015].
It is about how to do with control system man.. you need try to talk about it man
Andy Neely, Mike Gregory, Ken Platts, (1995) "Performance measurement system design: A literature review and research agenda", International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 15 Iss: 4, pp.80 -
I attended the Saturday Lab 1 session discussing the Denison Specialty Hospital case study. In our session, we had a through discussion into the different budget terminology. I learned about the difference between accrual and cash accounting methods, which is based on the timing of when the revenue and expenses are recognized. I also learned about responsibility centers as an organizational unit under the supervision of a manager, who is responsible for its activities and results. In addition, the manager is accountable for the budget of the department that they head. Therefore, a centralized form of management in developing the budget because it makes easier to because the information for the department budget is located
A company's budget serves as a guideline in planning and committing costs in order to meet tactical and strategic goals. Tactical goals such as providing budgetary costs for daily operations, and strategic objectives that include R&D, production, marketing, and distribution are all part of the budgeting process. Serving as a guideline rather than being set in stone, the budget is a snapshot of manager's "best thinking at the time it is prepared." (Marshall, 2003, p.496) The budget is a method in which to reign-in discretionary spending, and will likely show variances between what costs have been anticipated and what costs are actually incurred.
Budgets has been widely used by a lot of organizations since it was first introduced, because it can helps managers to properly plan and control the business’s resources. Successful control mechanisms as Schick believes are the essential to budgetary development (Gray, Jenkins, and Segsworth, 2002, p.11). However, recently the use of budgets to control organizations has been the subject to criticise and debate (Hansen et al., 2003 cited in Libby and Lindsay, 2010). In this era that full of unpredictable environments has make it even harder for a business to achieve the targets set in the budgets. In fact, European surveys also reported that there has been a growing dissatisfaction among organizations about their budgeting system (Neely et al.,
The traditional budgeting core advantages are the control and performance management. Budgetary control oversees the progress of the organization as it set the standard by comparing to previous year actual figures. Negative variances force the organization to react and make changes before the problems increases. To related back to performance management, budgets set as an outline for operations and it supports manager’s decision-making process. Nonetheless, problem budgeted objectives tend to motivate members better when it is difficult to achieve but for planning wise, traditional budgeting gives the most well estimated for the next fiscal year. If objectives are easily assessable, it will serve as a motivational purpose. On the other hand, if the budgetary system is used as a basis for performance evaluation, it may lead to dysfunctional behavior where managers manipulated the figures to relieve the achievability of the objectives. Despite the criticism for traditional budgeting, most organization had turned to the use of budgeting alternatives. In this essay, zero-based budgeting system was taken into the discussion. Zero-based budgeting is an effective system to control overhead costs and resources. Zero-based budgeting lives up to its name by starting each budgeting cycle with zero. Although it is expensive and time-consuming, it helps to review each and every program meticulously as the
Participative Budgeting is the situation in which budgets are designed and set after input from subordinate managers, instead of merely being imposed. The idea behind this sort of budgeting is to assign responsibility to subordinate managers and place a form of personal ownership on the final budget. Nearly two decades of management accounting research has resulted in equivocal findings on the consequences and effects of participative budgeting (Lindquist 1995). Participative budgeting certainly has various advantages, these include the transferral of information from subordinate to superior increased job satisfaction for the subordinate, budgetary responsibility and goal congruence. Its disadvantages include budgetary slack and negative motivation, however it is the conditions in which participative budgeting takes place determines whether the budgeting process is successful. The conditions are dependent on various factors such as the level of participation, level of subordinate influence, the extent to which budgetary slack takes place, volatility, job related information, and the complexity of the budget.
Quantitative plans are called budgets. Budgets are prepared to impose cost controls on the activities of an organization (Chenhall, 1986).Budgets are then used to evaluate the performance of the management and budget itself is considered as a standard to evaluate the performance Solomon, 1956). The purpose of the budget is also to implement the strategy of the organization and communicate it to the employees of the organization Rickards (2006). The change in the external environment has led to the change in the budgeting approaches from the initial cash based budgets to the zerio based budgets (Bovaird, 2007).
Zero-based budgeting carries many advantages. An important advantage of zero-based budgeting is it will cause a manager or department head to be more cognoscente of their financial requirements of their department. This will eliminate un...
Tapinos, E., Dyson, R.G. & Meadows, M. (2005). The impact of performance measurement in strategic planning. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 54(5/6), 370-384.
Every government entity has a primary goal, which is to be as efficient and effective as possible while expending the smallest amount of resources. In addition, the resources expended cannot be more than the resources received as revenues. The budgeting process is a tool that assists government entities in being both efficient and effective. Before a budget can be adequately prepared, you must first understand the budgeting concept and secondly be knowledgeable of budget types.
The report serves the purpose of conducting critical evaluation and analysis of commonly used models for managerial control. In accord with the evidence collected from prior literature studies, the report performs comparative study on the three models of managerial control. The report identifies similarities and differences between the author’s standpoint and ...
The report highlight’s the essential aspects of the control process. In terms of concurrent feedback as well as feed forward, that companies can use to implement so that they can have better outcomes in terms of efficiency of the business. Consequently the report underlines as well as emphasizes of the many contributing factors of these controls. The authors have contrasting views on the control models of an organization, they believe that in order to create an effective control process, and organization first needs to determine its strategic plans for instance in terms of what it is and where is it going.
Traditional performance measurement designs system of measures that mostly are cost-efficiency-oriented and are measured only in financial terms. This system does not provide non-financial measures that are also link to the organization’s business strategy. The application of this system is basically suitable for mass production companies with the purpose of minimizing cost.
Budget is combining your income and expenses to decide how much money you are going to spend on an item. Budget is an important step to determine your financial health and financial stability. It’s an important financial tool because it can help plan for expenses, cut cost were unneeded, save for future goals, plan for emergencies that occur inexpediently, and list what you are spending and saving.
Capital budgeting is one of the primary activities of a company. Most of the company uses capital budgeting for decision making process of selecting and evaluating long-term investment. The company have to make a right decision with respect to investment in fixed asset such as purchasing of new equipment and delivery vehicles, constructing additions to buildings and many more. The decision must be right because of the project involve huge amount of cash outflow and it is committed for many years.
It requires an adequate and sound organizational structure, that is, there must be a definite assignment of responsibility for each function of the enterprise. Budgeting compels all the members of management, from the top to bottom to participate in the establishment of goals and plans. Budgeting compels departmental managers to make plans in harmony with the other departments and of the entire enterprise. Budgeting helps the management to put down in figures what is necessary for a satisfactory performance. Budgeting helps the management to plan for the most economical use of labor, material and capital. Budgeting tends to remove the cloud of uncertainty that exists in many organizations, especially among lower levels of management, relative to basic policies and objectives. Budgeting promotes an understanding among members of management of their co-workers' problems. Budgeting force management to give adequate attention to the effects of general business conditions. Budgeting aids in obtaining bank credit as banks commonly require a projection of future operations and cash flows to support