Example Of Periodisation In Sport

Introduction:

Periodisation is simply a process of dividing the annual training plan into a series of manageable phases. Each phase can then target a specific or series of attributes to be developed within a designated period of time (Bonetti, 2005). Almost all countries and teams involved with sport, all agree that Periodisation has a huge part to play in sport as It help athletes and teams reach their peak performance and remain as injury free as possible. It is said that if the fundamental principles of periodisation aren’t followed then it is said to be almost impossible to achieve this goal without it being structured into competition and training and subsequent periods and phases (Lyakh, et al., 2016). The idea of periodisation and the

These pieces of ancient literature give us the names of Galen and Philostratus. The roman philosopher Claudius Aelius Galenus in his work The Preservation of Health showed us one of the first categorisation of exercise, which can be perceived as the predecessor of modern periodisation (Issurin, 2010). In the work by Galenus his exercises were sequenced into 3 sections ‘‘exercises with strength but without speed’’, ‘‘speed apart from strength and force’’, ‘‘intense exercises combining strength and speed (Gnomon, 1957) . A Greek scientist Philostratus also gave us an example of annual periodisation where athletes have a compulsory 10-month training program of purposeful training followed by a month of centralised periodisation in the city Elis prior to the olympic games at the time (Drees, 1968). This central periodisation block and can be thought of in today’s methods as practice camps where the national team’s come together and train. The guide set down by Philostratus shows a sequence of small medium and large training loads in a 4-day training cycle. This shows us the ancient approach to short term periodisation and set a standard that modern programs where advanced

Also, another factor was the athletes were having a need to train all year round so that they could compete at a high level (DeWeese, et al., 2013). The foundations of the modern model of periodisation was first set out in the USSR where the text books for coaches advised that there needed to be a division of the entire preparation prosses into certain more specific training periods prior to competition. (Gorinevsky, 1927). The segment laid out in the book were ‘’cardiorespiratory fitness, general coordination, basic athletic abilities and specialized preparation’’. This specialised preparation remains till today in coach’s periodisation for athletes. This approach to periodisation was then taken by other sports especially skiing (Bergman BI, 1940), track &field (GV & NG, 1952) and swimming (Shuvalov VI,