Rachel Isaacs
Dr. Prof. Gartner
04 October 2014
Journal Article Review
Gremyachkin, V. M. "Internal Reaction in the Combustion of a Porous Carbon Particle in Air." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 49.5 (2013): 536-40. Web.
Summary:
Kinetic equations are utilized in this article to describe the dependence of the reaction between carbon and oxygen atoms and their environment. The research is trying to answer how the reaction area affects porous particles, especially carbon in this research article. Carbon combusts in two different modes, high-rate and low-rate. The high-rate combustion of the homogeneous reaction consumes the oxygen particles above the surface of the particle. The heterogeneous reaction inside the particle is endothermic, meaning that heat is absorbed thus decreasing the particle temperature resulting in a higher rate of combustion. The low-rate combustion does not allow the homogeneous reaction to happen, but instead only the heterogeneous reaction inside the particle, concluding that a higher temperature increases the rate of combustion.
…show more content…
Several complex formulas were derived to calculate gas flow, pressure inside the porous particle, oxygen diffusion, rate of carbon consumption inside the particle, equilibrium of the homogeneous reaction, temperature variation, kinetic equation of the heterogeneous reaction, dependence of low-rate combustion, continuity, pressure during combustion, oxygen diffusion, and the temperature dependence of the rate of oxygen reaction with carbon (Gremyachkin). The major results of this study was how someone can obtain the dependence of the internal surface combustion rate by using a lower activation energy. Gremyachkin learned a more accurate way to determine the combustion rate
Robert Root-Bernstein and Donald L. McEachron, “Teaching Theories: The Evolution-Creation Controversy,” The American Biology Teacher, Vol. 44, No. 7 (Oct…1982). This article, written by Robert Root-Bernstein and Donald L. McEachron sheds light on the controversy of evolution vs creationism in schools and the validity of each being called a scientific theory. The work was created to answer the questions, “Which of these theories is truly scientific and which is a religious belief? Which should be taught in schools?” The article concluded in favor of evolution as a valid scientific theory that should be taught rather than creationism, but also mentioned the worth of understanding the latter.
Combustion is a rapid, continuous reaction that usually takes place in the gas phase. Wood is an organic compound primarily comprised of cellulose. For wood, the phase change from a solid to gas is almost instantaneous as combustion occurs (Coleman, et al. 95). Ignition occurs when an outside source is no longer needed to sustain combustion (Coleman, et al. 87).
Fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are Carbon rich compounds, the combustion of which produces Carbon Dioxide, a pollutant and a greenhouse gas. A large amount of energy is released during this process, which is why the pollutants off products are tolerated. This process occurs constantly throughout the world, in power stations, vehicles and cooking ovens, leading to an immense volume of CO2 being released every second, 50% of which is absorbed by oceans (Oce...
The number and strength of collisions is increased so that the reaction can happen faster than it should. If the particles have more energy then more particles will be able to react to it. Solid reactants like marble chips are affected by surface area. The larger the surface area, the more collisions that will take place.
The link between the number of carbon atoms in a fuel with the amount of energy it releases
Investigation of the heat energy produced by combustion of various alcohols. Aim: ---- To investigate how different alcohols produce different amounts of heat energy through combustion. I will be heating water using different alcohols as fuels and measuring the amount of fuel consumed.
When I get nervous I try to make the situation as funny as possible, if a situation is awkward I will try to make as many jokes as I can or I will just make it as easy for me as possible. When it comes to these situations I will put in as many funny things to ease the awkwardness of what I’m presenting or saying. When I presented in chemistry I added as many funny pictures and funny things so that the people would take their attention off of me and laugh so then they wouldn’t have to be looking at what im doing. When I had to give a speech about reading in the 5th grade a make a joke saying that reading is for nerds, and during the speech I purposely messed up what I was saying so the speech would be funny.
Investigating Factors Affecting the Heat of Combustion of Alcohols PLANNING SECTION Introduction ------------ Alcohols are organic substances, and consist of Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon. All alcohols are toxic but the amount that can be tolerated by the human body varies for different alcohols. For example drinking small amounts of Methanol can lead to blindness and even death.
What this means for the reaction is that there isn’t as much bonds being produced which will ultimately affect the amount of energy released in the form of heat, thus decreasing the overall heat of combustion whilst also effecting the reliability of the calculations.
Maclean’s is a Canadian news magazine established in 1905 by John Bayne Maclean. Distributed weekly, it is Canada’s only national current affairs magazine; it covers such matters as politics, international affairs, social issues, business and culture. On average, the magazine circulates 366,394 issues per week and has a readership of 2,753,000. 51% of readers are men and 49% are women, with an average age of 45 years old.
Subjective (S): Client started talking about parents’ divorce and stated, “that’s what she would do, and I’m nothing like her” [when referring to her mother]. “Besides my father, they’re the only people who ever believed in me” [referring to gymnastic coach and his family]. Client mentioned babysitting coach’s daughter and having a key to the house. When parents were in the process of a divorce, the client stated that she did not care that they were divorcing. However, client complained about physical symptoms such as stomachaches, shaking, and vomiting [possible anxiety or panic attacks]. “You’re thinking he used me” [referring to coach]. Client also mentions that her coach is good person and she was aware of what she did. Believes that her
In order to provide semi-accurate response, I wanted to try and take the Big Five test as Helen and Mary using the information I had provided from the article. The results are not 100% accurate to what I think their traits are, but it was interesting to see how they compare.
Torrefaction of bio-solid is the preparation stage of pyrolysis. However based on heating rate, pyrolysis can be further divided into many types, such as slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, flash pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis. Once the temperature reaches its peak level (650°C) initial state of gasification process initiates. The main difference between fast and slow pyrolysis is the heating time (theating) vs. pyrolysis reaction time (tr). For example if the time required to heat biomass or bio-solid is larger than pyrolysis reaction time, it is considered as slow pyrolysis and vice
The same procedure was used to calculate the enthalpy change of combustion for the other alcohols used in this experiment and their
Incineration, which is a key process in wte technologies, has been found to also have negative effects on the environment as it leads to the release of potentially harmful gases and other components to the environment. Scientists continuously seek ways on how to limit the negative impacts of incineration to natural resources and humans in line with government mandates and policies. Th...