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How culture affects personality, attitude, and behavior
Cultural relativism ethnocentrism
Cultural relativism ethnocentrism
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How we perceive ourselves is, in a way, dictated to what our culture believes. But how could we know differently? Ethnocentrism is the evaluation of other cultures according to the preconceptions originating from the standards of the culture we grew up with. You might visit another country and judge their culture either positively or negatively based off of what you already believe is "normal" or "right." That is a great reason to go and explore our world and learn about other cultures. The world we live in is more than just our little universe that we know and are comfortable with. It's all perspective. Alright, now that I have reminded you that your way of life is not the same for others on the other side of the globe, can we agree that difference is ok and one is not necessarily better than another? Although, I think it's perfectly ok to compare cultures and beliefs and recognize flaws within your own culture and in others. Keeping an open mind is beneficial in life because after all, we all grew up with social norms and standards based off of our surroundings which is different for everyone.
Now what does any of that have to do with mental health?
If you think about it, the reason why culture and mental health have such a strong correlation makes so much sense. In individualistic cultures where personal best and personal achievements
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One more thing I would like to mention is depression. Depression affects such a large amount of our population and is not something to take lightly. But what I found particularly interesting is the idea of "luxury depression." America has high numbers of people with depression, and is a leading country with reports of depression. American's in general live comfortable lives and experience "luxury depression." While in other countries, depression is not as common simply because those people literally trying to survive. So who has time for
Tocqueville wrote that Americans are inherently more materialistic than European peoples for three reasons. First, Americans have freed themselves by rejecting “a territorial aristocracy” of hierarchical societal structures on the “soil of America.” By doing so, “the distinctions of ranks are obliterated and privileges are destroyed,” therefore causing “the desire of acquiring the comforts of the world” to haunt “the imagination of the poor, and the dread of losing them that of the rich.” Second, in an egalitarian society, where every citizen has an equal opportunity “the most marked inequalities do not strike the eye; when everything is nearly on the same level, the slightest are marked enough to hurt i...
Definition: Mental health has become a pressing issue in Indigenous communities. Often, a combination of trauma, a lack of accessible health resources, substance abuse, violence, and socioeconomic situations lead to high rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in Indigenous Peoples. This crisis is especially apparent in Indigenous youth, where there is a growing suicide epidemic but little mental health support and resources are provided. The increase in stigmatized and untreated mental illness has continued as trauma and systemic injustices remain unaddressed. Indigenous groups, governmental parties, and health organizations are involved.
The United States is an immense country, with many residents and citizens descending from immigrants who have influenced many customs, traditions, behaviors and ways of life. Unlike many old world nations, the United States does not have a homogenous population or a traditional homeland. However, American culture can be interpreted as being largely based in Western Europe with influences from the Native Indians, Africans, Asians, and elsewhere.
Each culture has a certain level of ethnocentrism which can have positive and negative consequences. Ethnocentrism provides a feeling of unwillingness to change one’s culture or specific institution by placing them in a box. They can only see things through their specific lens and when something differs from what they know, they believe that it is a violation of the ways things should be. They become ignorant of the cultures that they may be right in the middle of by comparing them to the culture that they are familiar with and grading it on a scale. This causes a level of unwillingness to change institutions within a society because they are the standard. This makes it exceedingly difficult to relate to other people and the world as a whole because when someone is always trying to look at something while envisioning it as something else; they will never fully see the beauty of what they are observing. They limit their own experience for the sake of comfort and security, for the safety found within the familiar. Ethnocentrism is the safety blanket for many people yet the enervation that prevents them from fully experiencing the world and all of its different
However, the theory might not be applicable to other cultures. Generally, people from different cultural backgrounds have personal coping and social resources that can assist them to avoid negative experiences that affect health status, and to deal with such experiences when they happen. Therefore, most of the psychosocial variables that might impact on the health Westerners may not apply well to those from highly different cultural backgrounds (Fernando, 2010). Another disadvantage of the theory is that it generally focusses on individuals and proximal factors (Sundmacher, Scheller-Kreinsen, & Busse
Mental illness is an addition to all of the previously listed perceived disadvantages of Native Americans by those of other ethnicities. Many believe that Native Americans are at a higher risk for mental illness than those of European descent. Many also believe that Native Americans have more people suffer from depression than their white counterparts (Stark & Wilkins, American Indian Politics and the American Political System, 2011). There have been studies conducted to test whether or not this is the case, with mixed results. Some studies say that Natives are at a higher risk and others say they are not. This discrepancy makes the answer unclear. If Natives are actually at a higher risk for and have more people suffering from depression than individuals of European descent, the question to ask is, “why?” Several factors play into depression and other mental illness, including biology, social standing, history, family, and any preexisting/comorbid diseases that could contribute to or cause depression.
We live in a world that nothing is, as it seems. Every one is raised within societies that have different cultures and subcultures. We conform to the norm and judge the not norm as influences come from media, peers, authority, and so on because we grow into ethnocentrism people. It takes great self-awareness to separate ethnocentrism when looking at any subject matter because our social norm runs deep. But it is imperative to gain cultural relativism if you want to understand any culture outside your
Growing up in an American society, we are surrounded by certain customs and mannerisms. We pay little attention to them, as they have been ingrained into our society and is apart of our everyday lives. It is when a new culture or society gets thrown into the mix that we notice the different customs. Our first reaction is to think their way is wrong or weird, but when you take a step back you realize that it’s not weird at all, in fact it is as natural as breathing. They are from a different country, therefore they have different customs and way of living. To them, our ways are just as strange.
Whether you have experienced a lot of traveling to other countries and continents or perhaps you have never left the East coast, it can be assumed; whether through school or a work environment, you have had at least one experience dealing with different nationalities and cultures. The realization is that we may come from different places and have different backgrounds but most people, cultures included, have more in common then we could imagine.
Firstly, the research shows that the studied mental illnesses are seen in all the cultures that were looked at. Depression, ADHD and Schizophrenia are all seen in different cultures. The World Health Organization conducted several studies, in 1973, 1979, and in 1981, and these studies showed that schizophrenia is seen across 9 countries of varying levels of social and economic standings. Depression is one of the most studied illnesses and WHO, as well as many others, have done studies that show depression is seen around the world. ADHD is a newer illness but it too has been shown to be seen across cultures. Research done by Polanczyk and others in 2007 shows that across the world, boys are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than girls. This shows that these, and other illnesses, are not bound to one culture or location. This strengthens the support for universal abnormal behavior.
In Sherman Alexie’s novel Indian Killer, there are many characters who struggle with mental disorders. Alexie states “She was manic-depressive and simply couldn’t take care of herself,” this is just one of the mental illnesses suffered in the book (212). Mental disorders are prevalent in the United States. All races are at risk of mental illness. In the article "Mental Health and Substance Abuse Characteristics Among a Clinical Sample of Urban American Indian/Alaska Native Youths in a Large California Metropolitan Area: a Descriptive Study" Daniel Dickerson and Carrie Johnson state “AI/ANs [American Indians/ Alaska Native] between the ages of 15 and 24 have the highest suicide rates in the United States compared to other racial/ethnic groups” (Dickerson and Johnson, 56). Native Americans are highly perceptible to mental illness due to the historical trauma their culture has endured.
Ethnocentrism will finds its way of making cultures more distant from each other because some cultures judge other cultures by the standards of their own culture. Rather than trying to understand certain values and norm within a culture, ethnocentric cultures will not adapt other’s points of view. This ultimately leads to misunderstanding and sometimes conflicts between cultures.
The “etic” approach is thought as the most popular approach and considered “Universalist” approach. The advantage of Etic approach is that it is globally applicable; in this approach the measuring instruments and models of health are standardized. The disadvantage of this approach is that it does not consider the cultural and social contexts of psychiatric disorders (Merson, Black & Mills, 2012). Whereas, the “emic” approach focuses on the concept that culture plays an important role and that the phenomenon should be evaluated within a culture and its context, aiming to understand their significance
“Ethnocentrism, the notion that the beliefs, values, norms, and practices of one’s own culture are superior to those of others” accompanied with the aforementioned expectation creates a recipe for disaster when faced with interacting with different cultures (Lustig & Koester, p. 150,????). Recognizing that there exist differences among cultures and that no one way is the only way provides an opportunity to understand the problem before you and how to rectify
Ethnocentrism, as stated above, means the belief that one’s own culture is above and beyond all other cultures. Although this is somewhat of a shallow definition, it still provides an adequate explanation of a very complex issue. We see ethnocentrism every single day, in all aspects of life. The United States of America is a prime example of ethnocentrism is action. The people of this country have a tendency to disregard other cultures, instead believing that American culture is the only way to go. This is not to say that this is how everyone thinks, although most people, at one time or another, have had thoughts along these lines.