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Mental health in indigenous australians essay
Aboriginal and mental health essay
Aboriginal and mental health essay
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Definition: Mental health has become a pressing issue in Indigenous communities. Often, a combination of trauma, a lack of accessible health resources, substance abuse, violence, and socioeconomic situations lead to high rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in Indigenous Peoples. This crisis is especially apparent in Indigenous youth, where there is a growing suicide epidemic but little mental health support and resources are provided. The increase in stigmatized and untreated mental illness has continued as trauma and systemic injustices remain unaddressed. Indigenous groups, governmental parties, and health organizations are involved. They hold varying beliefs on how to best approach the issue, ranging from community-driven to government-driven. Ethical discussions are taking place to determine the best approach to this issue. Questions: How does stigma within Indigenous communities surrounding …show more content…
Self-determination and the freedom to address specific mental health issues in the way communities best deem fit would be an effective step in reconciliation. However, the level of funding each community would receive might be unequal. The quality of mental health care due to the lack of national regulation could differ from community to community, depending on mental wellness knowledge and resource availability. Ethical Questions and Implications: Is it healthier for reconciliation to have Indigenous communities decide individually and independently how to approach the issue or will federally backed, formulated plans be more effective in treating mental health long term, especially because the issue is so critical and urgent? Should Indigenous communities be forced to rely on a governmental system that has broken promises and caused the intergenerational trauma that so heavily affects mental health in the same
1) First topic chosen was wellness which is “a conscious, self-directed and evolving process of achieving full potential.” (The National Wellness Institute, para 3) What wellness means to me is being with my family, surrounding myself with your loved ones, or even being with the environment. To Indigenous people it is the exact same with their wellness with each other, or the wellness with their environment. Mental wellness in Indigenous is living a journey along the way being fulfilled in good health. This changed my thoughts because sometimes I don’t always see the good or surround myself in happiness which can create bad health for me.
To begin with, once the policy of assimilation came into effect, Aboriginals were subject to a new environment, resulting in the loss of their culture. It is due to this, that the rates of suicide for First Na...
Presently, access to programs and health care services is fragmented given the nature of the health care system for Aboriginal peoples (Wilson et al., 2012). The federal government is responsible for providing limited health services among Inuit living within traditional territories and status/registered Indians living on reserves (Chen et al., 2004). This responsibility is vested in the First Nations and Inuit Health Branch organizations to carry out protection activities and health promotion, and provide funding for community health programs in Inuit communities and reserves (Chen et al., 2004). Firstly, the complexity of the health care system for Aboriginal peoples has resulted in an unequal access to health services due to the First Nations and Inuit Health Branch program (FNIHB), which only applies to Inuit and Indians. Therefore, Metis and other Aboriginal peoples who do not qualify for registration under the Indian Act do not receive health services provided by FNIHB (Chen et al., 2004). Secondly, the transfer of responsibility to health boards, communities and other authorities has resulted in unequal supply of health services between territories and provinces, uneven distribution among communities, and leaves limited opportunity for increased funding (Loppie et al., 2009). It has also lead to controversy between various levels of government over the responsibility to pay for particular health services. Jurisdictional limitations, which have failed to recognize Metis identity and rights, have resulted in health disparities among the Metis population (Wilson et al., 2012). While the federal government recently decided to include Metis status in Aboriginal initiatives, the funding has not been equitable when compared to those of Inuit and First Nations or to the non-Aboriginal populations in Canada (Loppie et al., 2009). The Aboriginal health
There are significant health disparities that exist between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians. Being an Indigenous Australian means the person is and identifies as an Indigenous Australian, acknowledges their Indigenous heritage and is accepted as such in the community they live in (Daly, Speedy, & Jackson, 2010). Compared with Non-Indigenous Australians, Aboriginal people die at much younger ages, have more disability and experience a reduced quality of life because of ill health. This difference in health status is why Indigenous Australians health is often described as “Third World health in a First World nation” (Carson, Dunbar, Chenhall, & Bailie, 2007, p.xxi). Aboriginal health care in the present and future should encompass a holistic approach which includes social, emotional, spiritual and cultural wellbeing in order to be culturally suitable to improve Indigenous Health. There are three dimensions of health- physical, social and mental- that all interrelate to determine an individual’s overall health. If one of these dimensions is compromised, it affects how the other two dimensions function, and overall affects an individual’s health status. The social determinants of health are conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age which includes education, economics, social gradient, stress, early life, social inclusion, employment, transport, food, and social supports (Gruis, 2014). The social determinants that are specifically negatively impacting on Indigenous Australians health include poverty, social class, racism, education, employment, country/land and housing (Isaacs, 2014). If these social determinants inequalities are remedied, Indigenous Australians will have the same opportunities as Non-Ind...
...s a way of coping with bad memories and changes in culture (Reser, 1991). Many Indigenous are still being affected by the events which unfolded long ago. Alcohol is consumed by many who are known to have mental disorders. Depression is a major issue within the aboriginal population with many suffering with factors like grief, shame, worry, homesickness, and anger due to the colonization and the way it has changed their everyday life, culture and environment (Reser).
Hampton, R., & Toombs, M. (2013). Chapter 4: Indigenous Australian concepts of health and well-being. In Indigenous Australians and Health: The Wombat in the Room. (pp. 73-90). Oxford University Press: South Melbourne.
Guerin, B. & Guerin, P. 2012, 'Re-thinking mental health for indigenous Australian communities: communities as context for mental health', Community Development Journal, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 555-70.
Canada prides itself on possessing a cultural mosaic, appreciating every culture within the country. The idea of the cultural mosaic strives to support an ethnically diverse nation, allowing communities to strengthen their social capital (Brown & Hannis, 2012). Unfortunately, Canadian history reveals a different story. The historical oppression of Aboriginals by the Canadian government, at a macro level, has left the entire Aboriginal culture with a sting of social stigma. Now, in an attempt to provide relief, the Canadian government has established various venues of support, addressing the issue of oppression against Aboriginal people (i.e. Thunder Bay Police Service Aboriginal Liaison Unit) (Brown & Hannis, 2012).
Mental illness is an addition to all of the previously listed perceived disadvantages of Native Americans by those of other ethnicities. Many believe that Native Americans are at a higher risk for mental illness than those of European descent. Many also believe that Native Americans have more people suffer from depression than their white counterparts (Stark & Wilkins, American Indian Politics and the American Political System, 2011). There have been studies conducted to test whether or not this is the case, with mixed results. Some studies say that Natives are at a higher risk and others say they are not. This discrepancy makes the answer unclear. If Natives are actually at a higher risk for and have more people suffering from depression than individuals of European descent, the question to ask is, “why?” Several factors play into depression and other mental illness, including biology, social standing, history, family, and any preexisting/comorbid diseases that could contribute to or cause depression.
The advocation for more effective and adequate mental health services for American Indian youth should be prioritized in terms of allocating resources for a number of reasons. The first reason is the consequen...
Zitkala-sa recounts in American Indian Stories how her brother returned home after his education with skills that he was unable to put to use on the reservation because the position he occupied for a brief period went to a white man instead (92). Native Americans were never fully able to obtain equality after their education and were therefore in many cases were left off worse than before. According to Indian Boarding School Experience, Substance Use, and Mental Health Among Urban Two-Spirit American Indian/Alaska Natives, a sample population of 447 adult Native Americans who attended boarding schools as children were compared with those with no history with boarding schools in regards to mental health and substance abuse. The results demonstrated that former attendees of Indian boarding schools had higher rates of drug and alcohol abuse and were more susceptible to thoughts of suicide or attempted suicide.
Not only did the students experience emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, the mental trauma that comes along with those experiences last a lifetime. To help cope with what the Indigenous people had gone through, turning to substance abuse was one of the ways that a majority of the Indigenous population turned to (Mcquaid et al. 2017, 424). According to Statistics Canada in 2015, about forty percent of Indigenous people who between the ages of 12 to 24 drank heavily every day, and about thirty five percent of Indigenous people who are aged 25 to 44 drank heavily every day. Mass trauma is what the Indigenous cultures endured, and according to Elias, B et al. (2012), there is a direct correlation between historical trauma, such as the residential schools, and intergenerational trauma and grief, such as having parents, grandparents, or caretakers who attended the schools and experiencing their trauma through them, and higher suicide and mental illness rates.
It disappoints me to learn of all the suffering Aboriginal people are facing even though they live in a first world country with a highly praised healthcare system that is free of cost. I have extended my knowledge to the traditional approaches to healthcare that Aboriginal people practice and the importance of maintaining balance on their ‘Medical Wheel,’ this approach to health care and treatment looks at all aspects of someone’s wellbeing and ensures all aspects of someone’s health is in harmony, instead of the traditional biomedical tactic of diagnosing through running tests and prescribing medicinal drugs. The proper actions must take place before we can see change as a country. Aboriginals’ health care systems, institutions and providers should be up to pare with the rest of Canadian citizens and the only way this can be achieved is if the government of Canada gives them the attention, support and funding Aboriginal people need in order to maximize their quality of life while still practicing and preserving their culture and
The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have been the first nations, which represented the whole Australian population, for centuries. However, the continuous European colonization has severely affected these peoples and, over the decades, their unique values and cultures, which enriched the life of Australian nation and communities, were not respected and discriminated by numerous restrictive policies. As a result, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have turned into the voiceless minority of the Australian population. Fortunately, in recent years, these issues became the concern of the Australian government, promoting a slight improvement in the well being of native Australians. Nowadays, there are numerous social work
Now that there are these tools for Aboriginals to use, there are fewer suicides, healthier children, and less disease in the Aboriginal community. Unfortunately the life expectancy rates of Native Canadians is still lower than that of non-Natives, but this issue is gradually getting more attention, more sympathy, and more support. Furthermore, mental illnesses and suicide are major contributors to life expectancy rates because of the lack of activity in the Northern Aboriginal reserves. Without community life that is typically seen in recreational centres and malls, young people find life to be a chore; they wake up, eat unhealthy food, take care of their family ranging from no young siblings to five siblings, gather food whenever possible, go to school if they live close enough, have a scarce dinner and go to sleep to repeat the process the next day. When teens are exposed to opportunities like college and sports teams, their quality of life and mental health increase.