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Security, privacy and ethical issues in data mining
Ethical issues in Ict
Ethical issues in Ict
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In this case, Diane is facing choices that are entirely ethical and we can classify this case as an ethical dilemma. Diane was hired to build a system for a company. However, the company does not have enough money to follow suggestions that Diane has listed out for them. In order to make the limited budget work, they have told Diane to build a less secure system. All the CEO, director of computing and director of personnel have agreed upon this option. Diane is a professional and from her analysis of the company’s needs and the type of data they have, she has deemed the option the company chooses to be unacceptable with the extremely sensitive data that will circulate in the system. Diane will have to make decision between building a system …show more content…
The practitioners are encouraged to provide full disclosure of all system 's limitations and problems (ACM). In our case, we can see that Diane has advised the company all the options available to build a good secure system. She is also honest in the sense that she told the company about the insufficiency of the security system and did not follow their requests right away just to get the contract for herself. We can conclude that Diane has followed this principle and this shows Diane has good professional ethics with respect to this …show more content…
As explained in the case, sensitive data contained in the system include performance evaluations, medical records for filing insurance claims, salaries, and so forth. Privacy is an important aspect of security. In today 's world, much of our information is exposed on the Internet and susceptible to theft of data and identity for bad purposes. Computing and communication technology have enabled us to collect and exchange information on a large scale, but with that benefit we are also risking threats of our privacy being violated (ACM). The responsibility of the professionals is to maintain the privacy and integrity of data describing individuals. This includes taking precautions to ensure the accuracy of data, as well as protecting it from unauthorized access or accidental disclosure to inappropriate individual. With the types of data listed above, we can see that if there is a cyber attack, private information of many people will be at risk. Since privacy is the core value of security, it is certainly one of the most important criteria to look into when building a system. In our case, Diane has performed her job and come up with a proper security plan for the system. She truly takes into account the privacy aspect of the data that will be circulating the system. Therefore she proposed a highly secure plan suitable for the extremely sensitive data that was a little more costly than what the company can
Ethical decision-making is the responsibility of everyone, regardless of position or level within an organization. Interestingly, the importance of stressing employee awareness, improving decisions, and coming to an ethical resolution are the greatest benefits to most companies in today’s world (Weber, 2015).
In this case, a large health services organization (HSO) in Florida, that has a world-renowned AIDS treatment center had information breach of 4,000 HIV+ patient records, and the list was sent to newspapers, magazines, and the internet. Consequently, this issue was featured in every media vehicle in the world and as CEO, you are requested by the board of trustees to come up a better management information system (MIS) to resolve all information security issues or you will face termination. After hiring an undercover computer security consultant to help determine where the security leak came from, she quickly identifies numerous breaches in computer security and provides a report with the issues identified. The report furnished by the consultant revealed that facility had major problems with the MIS and the staff. In order to determine how to address the issues, the CEO must first answer the following questions: what law is being violated by the employees, why was this law enacted, what are the penalties for such violations, what are the penalties for sharing celebrity information, and should he be updating his resume and looking for another job (Buchbinder, 378).
In the following case, Luke is involved in a very perplexing conflict, or Ethical dilemma. This situation is an Ethical dilemma, and not just a regular “everyday” problem, because to Luke there might not be an obvious answer. He can also be thinking that both choices, keeping his commitments of confidentiality and telling his brother, Owen, are both correct things to do. If Luke tells his brother about the project, then he might concur with a theory known as Breach of confidentiality. “Breach of confidentiality occurs when someone gives away information that was supposed to be kept private.” (GENB4350 Online Lecture, Ethical Reasoning 1). By Luke breaching information that is supposed to be kept secret, he will betray the trust of his company
The method of ethical decision making which was developed by Dr. Cathryn A. Baird presented two components contained in all ethical decisions which are; The Four ethical Lenses and the 4+1 Decision process. The Four Ethical Lenses issue claims that different ethical theories and the means in which we tend to approach the situations which form part of our ethical traditions are looked at in four different perspectives. From each perspective there are different values on which to decide whether the action taken is either ethical or not and each lens also lays emphasis on determining whether the decision made is of ethical requirement. In the 4+1 Decision Process, people who are responsible for making final decisions in an organization do it using four specific decision making steps and eventually will end up with one extra decision which gives a chance to reflect. The 4+1 decision process allows the decision makers to give solutions when faced with complicated ethical issues (John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies, 2000).
Each profession has their own way of navigating ethical dilemmas, which are problems that don’t have a clear ethical/moral choice. The ethical decision
Security helps the organization meet its business objectives or mission by protecting its physical and financial resources, reputation, legal position, employees, and other tangible and intangible assets through the selection and application of appropriate safeguards. Businesses should establish roles and responsibilities of all personnel and staff members. However, a Chief Information Officer should be appointed to direct an organization’s day to day management of information assets. Supporting roles are performed by the service providers and include systems operations, whose personnel design and operate the computer systems. Each team member must be held accountable in ensuring all of the rules and policies are being followed, as well as, understanding their roles, responsibilities and functions. Organizations information processing systems are vulnerable to many threats that can inflict various types of damage that can result in significant losses (Harris, 2014). Losses can come from actions from trusted employees that defraud the system, outside hackers, or from careless data entry. The major threat to information protection is error and omissions that data entry personnel, users, system operators and programmers make. To better protect business information resources, organizations should conduct a risk analysis to see what
At times in a person’s life, they might come across a few situations that leave them with a major decision between two or more options that challenge what they believe or what they might think is wrong or right. These are known as ethical dilemmas. Be it seeing a friend steal something and choosing between being honest and speaking up or letting it go. It can also be getting paid more than you earned and deciding if you’re going to be greedy and keep the money or return it. We run into these situations in our lives, some bigger and more influential on our destiny’s while others are small with no real consequences.
The six steps of the model are as follows: Identify the ethical dilemma, collect information, state the options, apply ethical principles to those options, make the decision, and implement the decision (Beemsterboer, 2010). The first step is to identify the ethical dilemma, which Beemsterboer describes as the most critical step in the model. To identify the ethical dilemma, one must recognize that the problem is an ethical dilemma with no one clear answer, and expound upon what the ethical question is. The next step is to collect information about the situation and values involved “as a basis for an informed decision.” (Beemsterboer, 2010, para. 8). After defining the ethical dilemma and gathering information about it, one must then state as many options as possible which may resolve the problem (Beemsterboer, 2010). Due to that fact that more than one decision may remedy an ethical dilemma, it is important to discuss all available options to better understand all angles of the situation and how to deal with as many of them as possible. Once all alternatives have been stated, each must be weighed against ethical principles. Beemsterboer suggests in the discussion of each option a list of pros and cons be made to demonstrate how the option may protect of violate ethical principles and values (2010).?? After analyzing each alternative it is much easier
For this paper Washington Mutual has been selected to show how the ethical decision making process can be achieve. When it comes to business ethics in the workplace Washington Mutual has designed what can be considered a well balanced workplace with behaviors that are aligned with their moral values and business ethics. Business ethics are sometimes depicted as resolving conflicts where one option can appear to be the correct choice. There are many different ethical dilemmas that are faced by managers and leaders everyday that are highly complex and have no clear choice or guidelines to assist in making the choices for resolution. There are times when an employee has to decide whether or not to cheat, lie, steal, or break their contract. These ethical decisions are real-life situations where they are forced to make on a daily basis. This is why it is ultimately important that all employee know the six steps to ethical decision making that the company uses.
...in order to properly secure the restricted data contained within the system. The software development team carefully explains the danger of compromised data both in the form of a technologically proficient employee along with the potentially greater and more damaging theft of data perpetrated by online hackers. Financial loss due to inadequate data storage and security is also explained to the client. The goal of this explanation is the realization that an increased preliminary investment may ultimately be significantly less expensive than a breach of an insecure system. In the event the client is unable or unwilling to modify the structure of the system, the recommended course of action is for the software development team to decline implementation of the system with consideration to the consequent damage to the repute of the software development organization.
An ethical dilemma is only examined in a situation which has the following conditions; the first condition takes place in a situation, when an individual has to make a decision on which course of action is best. The second condition is there must be more than one course of action to choose from. The third action is no matter what course of action is taken, certain ethical principles are conceded. In other terms, there is no perfect result. When defining what forms an ethical dilemma, it is important to make a division between ethics, morals, values, laws and policies.
Making good ethical decisions requires a trained sensitivity to ethical issues and a practiced method for exploring the ethical aspects of a decision and weighing the considerations that should impact our choice of a course of action. Having a method for ethical decision making is absolutely essential. When practiced regularly, the method becomes so familiar that we work through it automatically without consulting the specific steps.
What is dilemma? Dilemma means when one has to select a choice in a difficult situation. Now what is ethics? Ethic means selection between rights things and wrong things and knowingly chooses the right side of the situation. In today’s society we are facing ethical dilemma on regular basis which force us to use our judgment relevant to the problems. According to the philosopher 's point of view our moral values helps to choose the right path and teach us to behave in the society. Similar concept applies in business too, we have to select between right and wrong thing and be on the right side. Ethical direction is really important when crisis occurs at workplace. During this kind of crisis workers and leaders has to stay strong in order to get through the situation. However there is the possibility that some times business owner or manager ends up taking wrong decisions which effects on themselves, their workers and the business itself. Now the real question is do business professionals follows the ethical guidelines or they just
Everyone in this world has experienced an ethical dilemma in different situations and this may arise between one or more individuals. Ethical dilemma is a situation where people have to make complex decisions and are influenced based on personal interests, social environment or norms, and religious beliefs (“Strategic Leadership”, n.d.). Leaders and managers in the company should set guidelines to ensure employees are aware and have a better chance to solve and make ethical decisions. Employees are also responsible for understanding their ethical obligations in order to maintain a positive work environment. The purpose of this case study is to identify the dilemma and analyze different decisions to find ways on how a person should act ethically when left with an ethical dilemma.
[2] An Ethical dilemma is defined as “a situation that arises when all alternative choices or behaviours have been deemed undesirable because of potentially negative ethical consequences, making it difficult to distinguish right from wrong” (Samson and Daft, 2005, p.158)