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What Ethics Should Be Observed In Biomedical Research
What Ethics Should Be Observed In Biomedical Research
What Ethics Should Be Observed In Biomedical Research
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ETHICAL COMMITTES
This concept was taken from module 10"ethics and nursing research", sub-topic 1"ethical committee".
Ethical committee can be defined as a board which consist of a multidisciplinary personnel e.g., the doctors, nurses, priest, social workers, and lay people who come together to decide on ethical conduct of a particular activity or research.
The committee was created to promote ethical practice, code of ethics and conduct and other ethical guidance in the society. The ethical committee should be multidisciplinary and multisector in its composition. The number of people needs not be much, only needs about 7-9 minimum and 12-15 maximum people in the group. The chairperson if the group should preferably come from outside the institution
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They are made up of a small group of persons from different area of specialty who come together to monitor and maintain research process. Research have been carried out unsupervised and this have resulted in dangers to people’s lives because the researchers did not follow guidelines. As little as the research we do in school for partial fulfillment of our certificates, we are attached to supervisors who are there to play the role of monitoring the research.
SOCAL CONTEXT
This concept is very important to the society because they are the main people directly involved in the research and hence if anything goes wrong they are the same people that gets affected.
Research are conducted daily in the society to solve problems hence an ethical committee is needed to guide this research process and to ensure that patient's life is not placed at risk. Before they give an approval for a research they weigh the risk and benefits and can only give their approval when the benefits outweigh the risks.
APPLICATION TO CURRENT
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This research was carried out to promote the protection of human participants in clinical trials. According to this review he stated that the EC are to ensure the protection of the rights, safety and wellbeing of potential participants as well as those involved in the trial. He said that the EC needs to assure the general public of their safety by ensuring that proposals are properly reviewed and approved or rejected, ensuring that the investigators are suitable for the trial, facilities are adequate and methods and materials for informed consent are
Planning included reaching out to other health organizations, objectives, and goals of health fair were established. The implementation includes getting volunteers, set up for the health fair. The evaluation of the process occurred throughout the implementation and changes were made as needed. The evaluation will be completed by gathering information from health booth to determine the number of participants. Review vendor and participant evaluations about the health fair including how they heard about the health fair, ratings of booths and suggestions for improvements. Record everything to determine changes. Reflection on past experiences and what worked and did not work.
The IRB is an administrative body which has been established to make sure research participants' rights are protected. IRBs review all aspects of the researchers' project: the study design, the recruitment process, the participant population, the informed consent document and process, the risk/benefit ratio, privacy and confidentiality, data storage and protection, and safeguards for vulnerable participants (University of St. Francis, n.d.). In this way, participants' rights are protected because the effort is made even before the research begins. The review process ensures that participants are chosen fairly and informed adequately and the information collected during research is safeguarded through collection, use, and storage. Research using human participants is such an important part of medicine that it is imperative it is performed in a way that its intrigue is not compromised.
The first article is entitled “of mice but not men: problems of randomized clinical trials,” is written by Samuel Hellman and Deborah S. Hellman discusses the issues of randomized medical testing and experiments on patients. The article describes the role of the personal physician and how the physician can take an ethical or unethical path of treating his/her patients. The relationship between the patient and physician is greatly emphasized because according to the article trust is very valuable in medicine especially when a patient’s life is at risk. A Kantian and a Utilitarian view of randomized clinical trials are debated but the authors clearly steers towards a Kantian point of view.
“Ethics is a systematic study of principles of right and wrong conduct” (Taylor, Lillis, Lynn, & LeMone, 2015, p. 96). The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics has nine provisions to it. All nine are important to the nursing field in their own way. There are two provisions that I find most important in helping my career as a nurse. Provision one, The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and respect of the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal, attributes, or the nature of health problems. Secondly provision two, the nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient whether an individual, family, group, or community.
Ethics has been a popular topic in nursing for a long time. Nurses are expected to demonstrate ethical decision-making as well as professionalism. I believe that in order to accomplish this, they need to use the ANA Code of Ethics as framework for their decision-making. It is also imperative for nurses to have a strong understanding of ethics, because they will be faced with many difficult ethical decisions that do not always have a straightforward solution.
I chose to go into nursing because I had taken a sports medicine class in high school I enjoyed, and I thought I would be guaranteed a job graduating that had something to do with medicine. I can remember being so excited to learn how about illnesses and medications, and all the difference procedures done in the hospital. At the time I thought a nurse’s job was to do what the physicians said, and I expected set guidelines that would tell me what I was and wasn’t allowed to do. I had no idea that I was entering onto a career path involving so much complexity, and that the skills I had dreamed of learning were such a small part of nursing in comparison to the emotional, decision making, and critical thinking skills that a nursing career requires. Ethics in nursing was not something that had ever crossed my mind when I chose to take this path, however now ethics is something that I think about every day I am practicing, whether in clinical or theory courses. Ethical theories often come from the idea that because we are human we have the obligation to care about other’s best interests (Kozier et al., 2010), however in nursing ethical practice is not just a personal choice but a professional responsibility.
After noticing that your resource nurse is impaired several steps should occur. The nurse is not following appropriate ethical guidelines. According to lecture, ethics is defined as rules or standards that govern conduct. The nurse who has slurred speech and glassy eyes has the autonomy to make his/her own decisions, but showed up to work acting in a harmful manor to her patients. However, the new RN needs to alert her supervisors because everyone disserves to receive the care that is appropriate. According to lecture, that is defined as justice. The impaired nurse will not be able to properly treat his/her patients to the best of her care. The new nurse should do several things to address the issue at hand. First, he/she should assess the
The risk necessary to reach the objectives should be permitted, and the determination should be made whether the alternative procedures involves in lessen the risk was available. The second list stated that the risks must be reveal in the consent form. The other final two list deals with vulnerable population that when vulnerable populations participate in the research, special precautions must be taken into account to avoid risk. The other risk is the case of serious harm. For example, when there is risk of serious impairment or harm, the committees should be extraordinarily insistent on inspecting the agreement and identifying the good reason for exposing the participants to the significant risk of a serious harm.
The American Nurses Association (ANA) is an organization with a strong ethical foundation. Nurses in general are known as an honest and trustworthy profession in the United States. This reputation was created because of nursing organizations like the ANA. In this paper the ANA’s goals are described and tied to their ethical principles. The role and importance of the ANA’s ethical values are explored. A discussion of the ANA’s culture and ethical decision making is described. The ANA’s ethical values and how they support author’s ethical views is explained and last the ANA’s social responsibility to the community.
The ethical situation in question is a culmination of intolerance, ignorance, cultural insensitivity, and failure to follow hospital protocols and procedures. The location of the facility in which the ethical dilemma took place is a small, rural hospital in the Midwest of the United States of America. A new male patient has been admitted and he is currently a practicing Muslim. The facility does not have a large Muslim population and does not have any cultural protocols in place to accommodate the Muslim religion.
In the United States, the basis for ethical protection for human research subjects in clinical research trials are outlined by the Belmont Report developed in the late 1970’s. This document, published by the Nation Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, highlights three important basic principles that are to be considered when any clinical trial will involve human research subjects. They are; respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. (Chadwick & Gunn, 2004)
Deontology is an ethical theory concerned with duties and rights. The founder of deontological ethics was a German philosopher named Immanuel Kant. Kant’s deontological perspective implies people are sensitive to moral duties that require or prohibit certain behaviors, irrespective of the consequences (Tanner, Medin, & Iliev, 2008). The main focus of deontology is duty: deontology is derived from the Greek word deon, meaning duty. A duty is morally mandated action, for instance, the duty never to lie and always to keep your word. Based on Kant, even when individuals do not want to act on duty they are ethically obligated to do so (Rich, 2008).
Ethics refers to the values and customs of a community at a particular point in time. At present, the term ethics is guided by the moral principles that guide our everyday actions. These moral principles guide the researcher into deciding what is ‘right’ or ‘wrong’. The foundation of medical ethics is governed by two philosophical frameworks: deontology, and utilitarianism. However, ultimately, the ethics committees need to balance the risks, and benefits for the participants and the community associated with the particular research proposal.
The ACA Ethics Committee members developed “A Practitioner 's Guide to Ethical Decision Making”, which address ethical questions in the workplace by identifying problems, deliberating potential
The history of medical research in the twentieth century provides abundant evidence which shows how easy it is to exploit individuals, especially the sick, the weak, and the vulnerable, when the only moral guide for science is a naive utilitarian dedication to the greatest good for the greatest number. Locally administered internal review boards were thought to be a solution to the need for ethical safeguards to protect the human guinea pig. However, with problems surrounding informed consent, the differentiation between experimentation and treatment, and the new advances within medicine, internal review boards were found to be inadequate for the job. This led to the establishment of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission by President Bill Clinton in the hopes of setting clear ethical standards for human research.