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Welding princpiples and applications chapter 10
Welding princpiples and applications chapter 10
Operations of welding
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Welding is a construction else sculptural process that seams materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by creating combination.
This is in different with fusing and brazing (which involves melting a lower-melting-point material between the work pieces to form a bond between them) it works without melting the work pieces.
This is often done by melting the work pieces and adding a stuffing material to form a pond of molten material (known as the weld pool) that cools to become a strong joint and sometimes pressure is used in unification with heat to produce the weld.
Many different energy sources can be used for welding such as:-
Electric arc,
Gas flame,
Ultrasound,
A laser ,
Friction and
An electron beam.
HISTORY
The history
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ARC WELDING.
This type of welding uses a welding power source to generate and preserve an electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt metals at the welding point. They can use either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current and consumable or non-consumable electrodes. The welding area is sometimes protected by some type of inert/inactive or semi-inert gas known as a shielding gas and filler or stuffing material is sometimes used as well.
GAS WELDING.
It is also one of the very famous type of welding in which the most common gas welding process is oxy-fuel welding also known as oxyacetylene welding. It is one of the oldest and most multipurpose welding process but in modern years it has become less popular in industrial applications but is still widely used for welding pipes and tubes, as well as for repair work.
The equipment or the kit used is relatively cheap and easy to use by the beginners. It generally generates the combustion of acetylene and oxygen to produce a welding flame/blaze which is of temperature about 3100 °C. The flame produced is less focused than an electric arc therefore can causes slower weld cooling which can lead to greater residual stresses and weld distortion. But though it comforts the welding of high alloy steels. A similar process usually called oxy-fuel cutting is used to cut
There is a type of welding that utilizes hydrogen, called Atomic Hydrogen Welding. The welding tool is two tungsten steel rods, acting as electrodes, through which passes an arc of electricity. Hydrogen gas is pump through the arc, and the temperature of the arc disassociates the gas into individual molecules, which absorb an incredible amount of heat. When the gas passes through the arc, it reassembles itself, and burns ordinarily, and using oxygen in the air. This is the hottest type of welding process yet; with a flame of over 7232 degrees F. it was invented in 1926, and was used extensively in Germany during WWII.
Friction Stir Welding facilitates welding of plate to plate joints for several applications. This process is chosen for the welding of AA 6082-T6 (Al-Mg-Si alloy) of various thicknesses. This alloy finds use in structural and other industrial applications. FSW process is especially well suited to butt and lap joints in aluminium. Production of aluminium alloy components is not very complex but joining of these materials can sometimes
Welding started back in the medieval days. But there was only one welding process, and it was called forge welding. Forge welding is the use of heating metal, shaping it (by pounding it with a hammer), then cooling it. People back then had to go to their local black smith go get things fixed. Some tasks required black smiths to be extremely precise, and have an even level of thickness throughout the piece of metal that they are foraging.
Tomorrows Welders Thomas Jefferson said, “I find that the harder I work, the less I call it work”. I have often found myself in situations where I needed to fix something but could not because it is metal. I believe this might be why I began to show interest in welding. There is great satisfaction in being able to create or fix a metal object on your own.
Welders can use hand held welders or even robotic welders to produce welds. Both equally requiring a incredible amount of knowledge. They can also fill holes, produce structures and build custom parts for automotive race shops. Welders often work fulltime on shipyards, oil rigs, and pipelines or anywhere else where a specific job is needed. Welders are often required to interpret blueprints or sketches and weld accordingly to fulfill job duties. Arc welding is the most common type of welding today and is what most welders use. (bls) There are over 100 different welding processes that a welder can learn how to use however, Stick, Tig and Mig are the 3 most common used in the industry. These are used most to maintain equipment
scientific experiments (Go welding: history of welding 1). Conventional welding is most easily explained as arc welding processes. Some arc welding processes are TIG welding, Stick Welding(SMAW), and MIG welding. TIG stands for Tungsten Inert Gas welding this means that using tungsten as a electrode and an inert gas, which is usually argon, the weld is produced by creating an arc between the piece being welded and the tungsten electrode. SMAW or stick welding utilizes a stick electrode held in a clamp surrounded by a powdered substance to weld. Mig welding uses a machine that holds a wire feeder within it, the wire feeder feeds the wire electrode through a tube to a gun that slowly sends out the wire as well as a steady flow of inert gas. These and other processes classified as conventional welding processes are the best processes for welding jobs because they are more cost effective, more...
What is welding some may ask. “Welding is the use of brazing or soldering to join together or split apart pieces of metal.” Says miller electric inc. The First recorded forms of welding was from the bronze age when metal boxes were made by “pressure welding lap joints together.” In medieval times welding was used by hammer to forge weapons of different types. “It was actually not until the late 1800’s that traditional welding
The weld joint made using the low heat input possessed the maximum ultimate tensile strength (791.56 MPa).
In doing so, they weld metal parts, fill holes, and can even repair cracks in a brace. Because of its heavy duty strength, welds can be used to repair cars, ships, and even airplanes. Also, welds are used in the construction of buildings and bridges. Various tools are needed to perform proper welding techniques, for example, a person may need clamps, welding rods, a chipping hammer, a torch, glasses, a welding helmet, an apron or non flammable clothing to properly weld metal. In addition, a person may also need a specific type of welder for a certain occasions.
Oxy- fuel welding is usually called in workplace/trades terms oxy acetylene welding, gas welding and oxy fuel cutting which are all use fuel and oxygen to cut and weld metals together. It all started with the famous chemist Edmund Davy, who is suppose to be considered as the first man to make acetylene. By accident in 1836 Edmund while trying to make potassium created a black compound which was mixed with water create a gas that burned greatly. Edmund wanted to use this gas to make lights but the materials and production would cost to much. Calcium carbide was not identified until 1862. In 1892 calcium carbide was created by accident when trying to create calcium from coal tar when the production reacted with water.
There is different types of rods and different types of ways to weld. You need a lot of training for it. There are many schools and colleges you can go to receive welding education. The most common welding processes are Gas Metal Arc Welding, Flux Core Arc Welding, Gas Tungsten Arc Welding and Shielded Metal Arc Welding. The easiest of these is the Gas Metal Arc Welding. Welding options are stick, flux core, tig, and mig. The pipeline tig and stick welds a lot more than the other .The pipeline use many types of techniques but, the most common on the pipeline is downhill root pass and the up hill pass. The median annual wage of welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers is
"Purchasing Your First Robotic Welding System | Lincoln Electric."Lincolnelectric. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2014.
Welding is an art, science, and high paying career all in one. Welding is the most effective way to join two pieces of metal, it is the only way to join them so they act as one. Numerous things in our daily lives has been welded from coffeepots to skyscrapers. Welding can be done almost anywhere outdoors, indoors, underwater, and even space (“Welding Basics”). It is practically
GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) is more economic; Springer reports that “ GMAW is an economic process because it has higher speeds and higher deposition rates than manual arc welding. There is also no need to constantly change electrodes” ( Page 11). GMAW has a higher speed, which means that you can get the job done faster. It also has high deposition rates which makes the weld look clean and smooth.” This method can be used for a high range of work, but it is not suited for repair work because of it’s weld quality” (Page 4). This process can be used for many variations of work including root welds, joints, T’s, butts, laps, and many more applications. Even though its used for many practices, it is not recommended to use this method for repair work because of the quality of the welds. “ It’s easy to use and it is inexpensive to afford now with 110v machines. But you cannot weld for a long time like a 220v machines would produce. Both have different duty cycles” (Parag. 7). M.I.G is something anyone can learn easily, it’s inexpensive to afford. 110v machines don't bring out the best power to weld, because these machines do not have a good duty cycle. Most people prefer 220v machines because they produce more work, even if they are more expensive. GMAW is the cheapest most reliable process for welding.
?Automation Reduces Weld Spatter? Welding Design & Fabrication (Jun. 2001): 37 EBSCOhost. Online. Nov. 2002 .