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Chapter 2 cultural diversity
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Introduction
I am interested in the link with language and identity, I find it interesting that most native English speakers are generally not multilingual and people that are multilingual most likely have English as their secondary language. I find that this may be why native English speakers don’t learn a secondary language because they don’t feel they need to. But some people may have mixed heritage, for example my heritage is predominantly English but I have family from the Basque region of Spain, so when I am asked where I from or what my heritage is I say English and Spanish, however I am not completely fluent in this secondary part of my heritage, though I don’t know if my brothers feel the same way but I do have a better grasp of Spanish than they do, I would consider myself a receiving bilingual, meaning I can read Spanish and understand it when spoken to me, but I do struggle more with the speaking of it. This led me to wonder if my better proficiency in this second language gave me stronger ties to this part of my heritage. So it led to me to the overall question of “Is there a link between language and cultural identity?” My readings however have made me realise that I was talking about a single persons view of their own personal cultural identity so my question has now changed to; “Is there link a link between language and one’s cultural identity?”
Methodology
This is an ethnographic project meaning that “as an approach to learning about the social and cultural life of individuals, communities and institutions through the researcher’s personal immersion in investigative and empathetic participation and observation research.” (Kruger, 2008:1). I decided to use a questionnaire as my main source of data collection, beca...
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... understand. For example earlier I used the term receiving bilingual, a receiving bilingual is “a person who understands two languages but who can speak only one.” (Saunders 1988: xii)
Bibliography
Barker, C and Galasiński, D. (2001). Culture and Language. In: Cultural Studies and Discourse Analysis. A Dialogue on Language and Identity, London: SAGE Publications Inc. p3-4.
Kruger, Simone 2008 Ethnography in the Performing Arts
Saunders, G (1988). Bilingual Children From Birth to Teens. 2nd ed. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd. p xii.
Schreuder, R and Weltens, B. (1993). The Bilingual Lexicon: An Overview. In: De Bot, K, Huebner, T, Schreuder, R and Weltens, B, The Bilingual Lexicon. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. P1-9
Soanes, C and Stevenson, A 2005, Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition revised. Oxford University Press
Landau, Sidney I., ed. The New International Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. Naples: Trident International, 2002. Print.
Simpson, J. A., and E. S. C. Weiner. The Oxford English dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1989.Print.
Language is an important part of who we are. It influences the way we think and behave on a great scale. However, sometimes it is forced upon us to go in different directions just so we can physically and mentally feel as if we belong to the society in which we live in. Just as we see in Amy Tan’s “Mother Tongue” and Richard Rodriguez’s “A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood”, both authors faced some challenges along the way by coping with two different languages, while still trying to achieve the social position which they desired.
Language is truly part of our identity: our languages shape who we are. That is why we always have to be tolerant and comprehensive with others’ accents, typical phrases, or grammatical errors. Writers that really make an impact when referring to language and identity are Gloria Anzaldua and Amy Tan, with their readings “How to Tame a Wild Tongue” and “Mother Tongue” respectively. These two writers, with completely different backgrounds, shared their views about how language and identity are intertwined.
Purcell, J., Lee, M., & Biffin, J. (2006). Supporting bilingual children in early childhood. Learning Links. Retrieved from http://www.learninglinks.org.au/pdf/infosheets/LLIS%2050_Bilingualism.pdf
Donegan, Craig. “Debate over bilingualism.” CQ Researcher. 19 January 1996. 6, 49-72. Web. 17 Feb. 2011.
The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Ed. J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner. 20 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1989.
When asked to define ones cultural identity people usually take the path that leads to their country of origin. They describe their beliefs and tradition which mirrors the values of people within that geographic location. But what about the people who are torn between two cultures? How would they define their cultural identity? This is the problem faced by Henry Park, the protagonist of the book Native Speaker by Chang-Rae Lee. Originally from Korea, he immigrated to the United States with his parents when he was little. However, his struggle of trying to find his acceptance into the American culture still continues. The book outlines his endless uncertainty of trying to define his cultural identity and his feelings as an outsider to the American Culture. Not being able to commit to either of the cultures leaves Henry confused regarding his true Cultural identity which Chang very artfully presents as a fuzzy line between the American and Korean Culture.
I definitely identify most with modern American culture. Although I am half Hispanic and half white, I was raised more “white” than Hispanic (e.g. food, language, holidays, music, etc.). On the surface you can see a white American, English speaking, femininely dressed young lady, but I am much more than what is on the outside. Like I stated earlier I was raised more “white”, but I still identify a little with my Hispanic culture. In this paper I will be addressing 10 surface and 10 deep aspects of my cultural identity.
In the publication Language and social identity by John J. Gumperz, a professor of anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley, Gumperez discusses communicative characteristics of modern society and the way in which they correspond to societal and ethical elements of identity by accumulating research on interactive communication between ethnographically differing groups. He states, “The study of language as interactional discourse demonstrates that these parameters are not constants that can be taken for granted but are communicatively produced. Therefore to understand issues of identity and how they affect and are affected by social , political, and ethnic divisions we need to gain insights into the communicative processes by which they arise,” (Gumperz 1). Language is the voice in which identity is spoken. Without it, the separations of identity he discusses in this publication would be unclear and disconnected as language is the element that guides them all together in a palpable
Clark, Virginia P., Paul A. Eschholz, and Alfred F. Rosa. Language: Introductory Readings. 7th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2008. Print.
Cultural identity is a tricky thing. In Elise Trumbull and Maria Pacheco’s article “What is Cultural Identity, they wrote, “Most of the time, our own cultures are invisible to us…” An individual’s cultural identity cannot be determined solely on race or what he or she likes to do. To truly ascertain one’s own cultural identity, you have to look deeper into your being. What makes you you? That’s the question, and the answer will ultimately lead to the discovery of your cultural identity. A person’s cultural identity is developed by taking different aspects of your life into account, mixing them together to form a bubbling concoction of characteristics, experiences, values, and interests. My cultural identity is influenced by many different
The development of the brain of a bilingual individual is better than a monolingual individual. Few years ago, researchers from the University of Washington (as cited in Klass, 2011, para 4.) found that the brains of bilingual infants (from families where two languages were spoken) are able to discriminate the different of the phonetic sound of the languages they usually heard when they grew up than monolingual infants in where their brains were adapted to only identify their mother tongue only. Dr. Patricia Kuhl, one of the members of this research team thus believe that bilingual education can shape infants’ brains and keep them ready for future challenges. Concurrently, a renowned psychologist, Dr. Ellen...
8. Simpson, J. A., & Weiner, E. S. (1989). The Oxford English dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press ;.
To commence this discussion, it is first essential to establish an understanding surrounding the role of language in relation to national identity. Theoretically, the more power language has in this relation, the more powerful language planning may be when creating a national identity. However, the role language plays in this respect is somewhat problematic to define and has proven to be a debatable topic among nationalists, sociologists and sociolinguists. For instance, May demonstrates that ‘sociological commentators, unlike sociolinguists, have generally been loath to apportion a prominent role to language in the explanation of minority ethnic and national identity claims’ (2001: 8). Consequently emulating distaste from sociologists to credit language with significant power in a national identity. In a similar sense, de Vries notes that, in relation to a language community, ‘social scientists have generally ignored the systemic properties of language’ (1991: 39), thus, concurrently suggesting with May, a disagreement from the social sciences over the role of language in terms of identity and national identity. Similarly, circa the French revolution, the concept