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Impact of industrialization on English life and society
Growth of the city of manchester
Industrial revolution manchester
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With industrialization and urbanization come the realization of goals, the solution to the problem, and the a whole new batch of both. An appropriate example of this would be the town of Manchester, England, which in the relatively short span between 1750 and 1851, saw a massive shift from a miniscule farming town to a thriving metropolis of over three hundred thousand people. The overall outcome of this drastic metamorphosis has been viewed in a myriad of different lights over the centuries, as people at the time formed around the usual lines: Romantics, mourning the days of clear skies and clean cottages, Reformist (as always) championing their version of the rights of the people, and the Rich, the Capitalists, the Aristocracy arguing towards their self given right to extort wealth from the masses. …show more content…
One of the more outspoken Romanticists, it is really no peculiarity that Robert Southey would take great umbrage with the rampant industrialization of the once beautiful town of Manchester.
In his Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society, Southey called Industrial Manchester a city, “without it’s antiquity, without it’s beauty, without it’s holiness” (Doc II). This view of the city of Manchester is reflected in an account given by Frenchman Alexis de Tocqueville, who called Manchester a ,”filthy sewer” where humanity is it’s “most brutish” (Doc V). They would, of course, hold this view as Romanticists, as they would hold human individuality and nature to a high value, both of which would be terribly disregarded in an Industrialized
Manchester. The views of Romanticist such as Southley or de Tocqueville were strongly aligned with social reformers, such as Edwin Chadwick and Flora Tristan. In his Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Laboring Population of Great Britain, Chadwick reported that the conditions in Manchester were conducive to an “adult population that is short-lived, reckless, and intemperate”, stating that the deaths from illness and disease were “greater than that from wounds in modern war” (Doc VI). In a similar manner, Tristan recorded that the people in Manchester appeared ,”wizened, sickly, and emaciated, their bodies thin and frail, their limbs feeble, their complexions pale, their eyes dead” (DocVII). Their writings reveal the extent of the suffering of the Manucian people, and reveal the reason behind the reformist desire to reform. In a strong contrast with both the Romanticist and Reformist camps were the upper crust of society: The Aristocracy and the Capitalists. A prime example of this camp would be Thomas B. Macaulay, a Member of Parliament, who spoke very negatively of the reformer’s views, stating that ,”People live longer because the are better lodged, better fed, better clothed, and better attended in illness” (Doc III). His positive view of Manchester seems logical, and would benefit a man in his position. It’s convenient for the rich and powerful to pretend nothing is wrong. In conclusion, the industrialization of Manchester was seen in a very negative light by the reformers and the romantics, and was put into a positive light by the rich and powerful. In the end however, the people who actually lived through it, the poor, suffered from tragic conditions, living short, brutal lives that no one deserves.
While the growth of the urban population led to new technological and industrial developments, it also produced penury, congestion, pollution, fatal disease, and tremendous fires. One of the most important problems that arose from this growth, however, was the absence of a legitimate urban government. Political, or urban, machines filled this void, and through patronage and graft secured votes from as many people as possible for their respective parties4. Immigrants were usually the easiest targets because they frequently did not speak much English, but more im...
In the nineteenth century, various inventions like the steam engine stimulated demand for products, thus introducing factories and workshops to manufacture those commodities. The popularization of Manchester initiated assorted reactions towards the industrialization of the cities surrounding Great Britain. While the industrial revolution ensued, numerous concerns occurred which all contemplated the affects of factories and industries engaged by the working division of society. As industry began to evolve for the operational lower classes, the positive, negative, and mutual reactions are denoted by various speakers whom were among the diverse social classes of society.
The Industrial Revolution was an era between 1780 and 1850 where new inventions and machinery flourished, replacing human labor with machines in the production and manufacturing of goods. The Cottage Industry helped give rise to the Industrial Revolution with its inventions such as the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, and spinning mule, all of which were mainly operated by women. This opened new opportunities for women in the working industry but this also introduced working class injustices, gender exploitation, and standard-of-living issues. Women 's experiences in factories reflected the profound social changes of the revolution and continuities with traditional working-class ways of life through their poor working conditions, demoralization, and little reward for their hard work.
In the mid-nineteenth century, the United States heralded the coming of the “new industrial order.” With the advent of railroads, industrialization went into full swing. Factories and mills appeared and multiplied, and the push for economic progress became the grand narrative of the country. Still, there was a conscious effort to avoid the filth and poverty so prevalent in European factory towns. Specifically, the town of Lowell, Massachusetts, was held up as an exemplary model of industrial utopia. The mill town included beautiful landscaping and dormitories for the women workers. Indeed, it looked much like a university campus (Klein 231). Nevertheless, this idealized vision eventually gave way to the reality of human greed. The female factory workers worked long hours for little pay as their health deteriorated from the hazardous conditions (238). (Specifically, Carson’s Mill in Dalton, Massachusetts, served as the model for Melville’s short story [Melville 2437].) In this way, industrialization (and the subsequent desire for economic wealth) became incompatible with democratic principles. Originally, the prevailing consciousness was that industrialization would further democracy and the two would become a complimentary pair. However, the reality was that these societal changes brought economic divisions; the boundaries were drawn more clearly between the privileged class and the working class.
Throughout the years of 1850-1914, many countries faced social unjust through political and economic issues that were brought on by the industrialization of cities within Europe. Before the mid-18th century signs of social unjust would develop and spread too many countries. Although the technological advancement the revolution brought, allowed humans to no longer be limited to what they can achieve by the land. Now they would be limited to what the machine would allow them to achieve. Due to this, ability Europe prospered during the mid-18th century economically but all social classes didn’t reap the benefits of this prosperity. Industrialization solved some problems for the working class when it came to their efficiency but, created other problems like the conditions they were forced to live in. In 1844 Friedrich Engles wrote about the living conditions in the urban industrial settings of England. At this time in England, the cities were divided into districts or courts and the working classes court was one to be remembered according to Engles but, not for good reasons. Engles gives insight into the conditions of these courts, " everywhere half or wholly ruined buildings, some of them actually uninhabited........, ill-fitting windows and doors, and a state of filth!" Engles continues to provide more detail about a stench that made it unbearable for any civilized person to live in. The more in depth Engle’s goes into his description, the more evident it becomes that Manchester the second city in England was plagued by the hardship that came with being the first manufacturing city of the world.
urbanization was also expanding in the major cities. In this “think piece” assignment I would like
My essay focuses on the county of Greater Manchester in North West England. A thriving metropolitan area, the county has been a place of interest since its rise in the Industrial Revolution.
During the course of the nineteenth century, Manchester, England, became a leading textile manufacturing center after its first mechanized cotton mill and the world’s first industrialized city. As a result of the tremendous growth its population increased from 18,000 in 1750 to over 300,000 by the census of 1851, much of this made up of the working class and immigrants. As seen in History of Manchester, there is a massive development growth throughout the whole city in just a hundred years (doc.1). In the 1832 Reform Bill, Manchester was granted representation in Parliament and middle-class men received the vote. Manchester was also granted a royal charter, after Queen Victoria’s visit in 1851. Although the industrialization of Manchester
During the mid-19th century, England experienced a major societal and intellectual upheaval. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, Victorian men had to “overcome their appetites, their animal natures, in order to gain [...] a sense of the civilized self” (Garton 54). In order to maintain dignity within his communities, a man’s barbaric nature remained restrained from the outside world. During this time, men had created two personas: their public self and their private self. This attitude, however, began to change as English society transitioned from rural to urban; as England evolved, so did its citizens. People flocked to the cities in search of work, culminating in overcrowded and congested living environments. With so many people living in
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, transport, and technology had a profound effect in North America. The industrial revolution marked a major turning point in history because it changed every aspect of life in America and the country as a whole. People started replacing ploughs and other tools for machines that could do twice the work. While others moved to large cities and started working in factories and other businesses. Huge industries such as the textile, steel, and coal industry came out and had a profound effect on the industrial revolution but, they would not have been extremely successful if it was not for railroads. The railroads played a vital role in the development and success of other industries. The railroads triggered the biggest leap in transportation in history. Through technological and entrepreneurial innovations and the creation of steam-powered locomotives, the development of trains as public carriers of passengers and freight, brought forth the railroad. The railroad industry changed the nature of production because it became an important energy source that replaced human and animal power. Due to the important role of the railroads, workers became more productive, items were being shipped more quickly, and resources were becoming available to everyone including the working and middle class and not only the wealthy. The railroads became to be known as one of the biggest leaps of transportation in history. This is because it set up the next fifty years of America’s prosperity. The railroads became extremely popular and useful during the 1800’s to millions of people and other large companies. Although there were many indu...
People’s kids moved from their parents’ farms to the cities as they were looking for work. Some children or young adults were forced and other moved voluntarily. Some factors that made people move was the jobs, better life than they had at home and just something different than farming. People who lived in the farms were unaware of how they would be treated in factories. They did not know that they would be beaten, forced to work twelve to sixteen hour says and were paid a very minimal wage. They thought by working in a factory their lives could change, they good make a fair amount of money and spend time with their families. But as people became aware, it was too late to go back to the agricultural age, more and more people suffered during the Industrial Age. But all this led to a positive outcome and now begins the population growth in the cities.
describes a world during and after the industrial revolution in which there have been many ill-fated side effects stemming from the rise of cities and of industry, as people move away from the traditional farming families and their beliefs. People no longer treat each other with kindness or as equals, instead they exploit each other for personal gain, selfish and unfeeling towards the consequences of their actions for other people. Also, new and potentially deadly diseases are becoming a major problem in the cities, and other illegal activities such as prostitution and crime in general are on the rise. Works Cited:.. Blake, William.
From the year 1800 to 1850, the population of Wales and England doubled, going from nine million to roughly eighteen million. During the period of time, the percentage of people living in cities rose from 10 percent to nearly 50 percent. Combined, the population of the cities of Wales and England increased from about eight hundred thousand to over nine million, reaching more than a 1,000-percent increase in only 50 years. The rise in population surprised the people at the time. The quick rise in population can’t be directly tied to industrialization; however industrialization surely contributed to the impact of England's transformation from a rural, farming culture to an urban, industrial culture as the nineteenth century proceeded. These cultural
Vidler, Anthony. The New Industrial World: The Reconstruction of Urban Utopia in Late Nineteenth Century France. Perspecta. Vol. 13/14, (1971), pp. 243-256
Georg Simmel, a wealthy and affluent scholar living in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries, saw great disconnects and differences between village and city life. Simmel believed that the roots of conflict in modern society flow from “the attempt of the individual to maintain the independence and individuality of his existence against the sovereign powers of society” (Simmel, 1903). He was of the view that this autonomy was more difficult to maintain in city life and this, in combination with other factors to be later discussed, is what leads to such a difference existing between urban and rural life.