1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Location Numinbah Valley is an area and suburb approximately forty-eight kilometres south west of the Gold Coast, in south eastern Queensland, Australia. Numinbah Valley covers approximately 116 kilometres square¬¬. The area is in the south-east part of Queensland and is part of the Gold Coast Hinterland. Numinbah Valley is the upper catchment for the Tweed River. 1.2 Background. The Tweed Volcano in north-eastern New South Wales erupted 23 million years ago and became extinct approximately 10 million years ago. Aboriginals inhabited Numinbah Valley for approximately 9000 years. Despite aboriginals in the valley, the valley remained largely unexplored until 1845 when timber cutters seeking valuable red cedar …show more content…
came into the valley. The timber resources in the area supported the families who farmed in the valley, and supplied timber for local and regional saws mills. In present day, the major local industries in Numinbah Valley are Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, Education and Training, Construction, and Health Care and Social Assistance. Approximately 294 people live in Numinbah Valley as of 2001. 1.3 Aims. The purpose of this report is to investigate the human impact on the environment in the Numinbah Valley and give recommendations to fix such problems.
1.4 Understanding the Inland Water System of the Nerang River. 2.0 METHOD OF RESEARCH. 2.1 Primary Resources. Primary sources used in this paper are those which were collected by the author. The data collected from Natural Bridge and Numinbah Hall may not be completely accurate as it only gave a representation of the results from that particular day, which may differ to another day’s results depending on the amount of rain, part of the river reviewed, biased sampling, etc. 2.2 Secondary Resources. Secondary sources used in this paper are those which were not written by the author. 3.0 STATEMENT OF FINDINGS. 3.1 Land use in the Upper Nerang Catchment. 3.2 Stop 1: Natural Bridge. 3.2.1 Description. Natural Bridge is an area and suburb in the Gold Coast hinterland in south-eastern Queensland covering approximately 43 square kilometres, with a perimeter of approximately 32 kilometres. Directly north of Natural Bridge is the Numinbah Valley, east of it is Springbrook, west of is Binna Burra, and south of it lies the Queensland/New South Wales border. Natural Bridge’s terrain is largely made up of hills and is covered with trees apart from areas which have suffered from large scale land clearing. (Figure
3). Natural Bridge is home to some of the UNESCO World Heritage listed Gondwana rainforests of Australia as part of the Springbrook National Park, which are excellently preserved due to steps taken by the Queensland Government. The rainforest is extremely rich in biodiversity, in both flora and fauna, containing a diverse range of species from both groups. A small portion of Lamington National Park is also in Natural Bridge, which has a highly diverse range of flora and fauna. The area is Natural Bridge is impacted moderately from humans. While its natural state is mostly preserved, large scale land clearing has spawned erosion, landslides and reduced habitat for birds. The Natural Bridge section of Natural Bridge (Arch/tourist visitor site) has a waterfall along Cave Creek, a tributary to Nerang River. Its riparian zone is mostly preserved.
Brimbank Park (coordinates 37.7340° S, 144.8370° E) is located in the Maribyrnong Valley (hollowed by the Maribyrnong River), near the Melbourne suburb Keilor. It is intersected by the Maribynong River and the M80 highway, which reveals the adaptive nature of the natural environment in a growing urban area. (Parks Victoria, 2013)
It is a magazine article in McClure’s Magazine, and an excerpt from the book, The History of the Standard Oil Company. 3. Is it a primary or secondary source?
Secondary sources of literature are primarily written by journalists and does not report an original finding, but rather relies on an original source to provide information that can be used as background material. To use it correctly, one must first distinguish it from primary sources and understand that secondary sources alone cannot sufficiently and
John Lowe. New York: MLA, 2009. 67-80. The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary'. Rpt.
At the end of the book, Mortimer provides a full list of sources used, which totals to about 149 citations. These are cited a total of 722 times. The uses are all explained in the notes, pages 327 to 353. Nearly 25 sources were written before the 1900s, and a majority of the sources were studies and papers from prestigious universities, including Oxford and Cambridge. The sources were primarily secondary because they were mostly papers from the early 1800s and spreading to the 1900s and early 2000s.
...n of the research method or methods used to gather and interpret them are included. The method used to collect data is normally outlined in the article is appropriate to the topic, and allows the study to be duplicated for purposes of verification. The document relies on other sources that are listed in a bibliography or includes links to the documents themselves. The document names people and/or sources that provided non- published data used in the preparation of the topic of study.
Oxford Journal (n.d.) - pp. 113-117. Firchow, Peter. The. "
Elizabeth McMahan, Susan X. Day, and Robert Funk. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2002. 130-143. The 'Secondary' of the '
The Methodology used to gather information for this paper was found through various sources. The sources used are all verifiable and established informational resources including (but not limited to) the following; course textbooks, books, journals, and online databases.
...tive sources. As seen by its thoroughness, and attention to detail and reliability by its specialized writers, this paper is the most useful location for information regarding the topic.
Longreach is located in Central Western Queensland and the regions consist of other outback township like Ilfracombe, Isisford and Yaraka.1 Since I will be doing 6 weeks of rural placement in Longreach, I believe it is essential for me to learn more about the background of the community and the place itself. In the 2011 Census, there were 3,625 people in Longreach with 6.9% of the population are made up of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (ATSIs).2 The median age of people in Longreach was 33 years old2 while the main economy sector are cattle and sheep production and tourism1. Longreach was named after the 'long reach' to the Thomson River3 which serve as the town water sources and recreational areas.1 Longreach is a well-known as a home to the Australian Stockman's Hall of Fame, and Qantas Outback Founders Museum.1
London: Macmillan, 1881. http://www.macmillan.com/item/item/item/ 37-59. The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary'. Print
This article hasn’t provided an introduction; however a lengthy summary of the study which identifies the problem, purpose and rationale for the research study has been provided in the background. The introduction should give the reader a general sense of what the document is about, and preferably persuade the reader to continue reading. This prepares the reader for reading the rest of the document (Burns & Grove, 2001 p.636; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002).
Ed. A.V. Knowles. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978. 153-158. The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary'.
Yarra Rangers Shire Conci, . (2012, 04 05). Retrieved from Yarra Ranges Shire Concil: vic.gov.au/Business/What_is_Economic_Development