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Difference between logical and physical network design
Difference between logical and physical network design
Comparison between network topologies
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The beginning of any good network starts with planning, and one of the main points of planning involved is the network topology. Network topologies consist of both physical and logical maps, each variant having positive and negative aspects as well as applications where one type would be more appropriate. A lot of modern network layouts are hybrids of both physical and logical networks.
One of the most basic types of topologies is Point to Point, where a connection between two nodes is established just to communicate between the two. One of most basic examples of this is a two tin can’s on a string; they are connected to each other just so the two can communicate. This relationship can also be observed with two computers connected with a crossover Ethernet cord. This method of connection is also used for communication through telephone, but this is achieved logically. Switched telecommunications systems are used to create a link between two phones to connect them and allow communications between the two and then dropped when the connection is no longer needed. Point to Point communication in modern times is still prevalent, but achieved using more complex networks with the help of logical networking, and can be used to describe many of the connections between individual parts of a network.
The next network topology is the Bus topology. Bus topologies consist normally of one backbone or one transport media that all of the nodes are connected to. The linear bus configuration has only two end points and any information being transmitted through the network is received by all of the nodes simultaneously. Although networks based on a bus topology are relatively inexpensive to set up, they do not scale well. When you try to add mor...
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...sider the entire network down.” (Learn Networking)
Another large scale network topology would be the Mesh topology. Mesh topologies are either full-mesh or partial-mesh. The full-mesh has each node in the network connected with every node on the network. This configuration ensures the constant ability to transfer data and is truly redundant, but would be very costly to set up. The partial-mesh only connects every other node on the network still allowing for redundancy at a lowered cost and this configuration is commonly used in backbone networks to help ensure they constantly have the ability to transfer data.
With all of the possible topologies there are so many different kinds of configurations possible. The capabilities of modern day topologies ensure that global data transfer to phone calls are all possible through physical and logical means at every level.
In “Connectivity and its Discontents,” Sherry Turkle discusses how often we are found on our technology. Turkle states in her thesis “Technology makes it easy to communicate when we wish and to disengage at will.” In the essay are interviews on several different people, of all ages to get their view on the 21st century. Teens are starting to rely on “robot friendships,” the most communication teens get are from their phones. Are we so busy trying to connect to the media that we are often forgetting what is happening around us?
Network topology can be defined in many ways since there are many different types of network that depending on the certain amount of user, ability, and purpose. For example, in Multimedia University (MMU) all networks inside our campus are connected through Local Area Network (LAN) to access MMLS for example. While when connected to outside through internet, we call it Wide Area Network (WAN). We are connected to the world via various network topologies, such as Point-to-point, Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, Tree, Hybrid, and last but not least Daisy chain. Our interest regarding this Final Year Project is Wireless Mesh Network build based on Mesh Topology.
VOIP what are the advantages of having the system. Cost savings, cost reduction, phone portability, Service mobility and integration with other applications. The cost saving is extremely less expensive than the old Private Branch Exchange (PBX). There are no charges for long distance calls and online directories. The company saves money on equipment, lines and manpower. The local service providers provide an assortment of services. The VOIP system supports email, instant messages, video conference calls and sending images. VOIP will run the regular systems like phone and fax. Today’s world is full of on the go technology. Phones can go anywhere as long as they have an IP connection. IP phones have the same numbers and go anywhere in the world. Service is available almost everywhere for the IP phones. This makes the office mobile. The call features and the voicemail access to the security features and service policies. The VOIP is part of a larger trend toward converged communications. Emailing systems along with web browsers are what the new generations live on. The social-networking crowd loves the systems. VOIP makes this all possible. The data networks are becoming increasingly reliable and high-speed networks.
The 7-layer OSI network reference model delineates a hierarchy of abstract building blocks that provide basic protocols and services in a logically separated manner for the standardization of networks (Serpanos & Wolf, 2011; Cowley, 2012; Egyedi, 1997).
The Physical Layer also deals with the way a network is laid out which is referred to as the topology of a network.
Prior to the 1960s, what little computer communication existed comprised simple text and binary data, carried by the most common telecommunications network technology of the day; namely, circuit switching, the technology of the telephone networks for nearly a hundred years. Because most data traffic transmissions occur during a very short period of time, circuit switching results in highly inefficient use of network resources. In 1962, Paul Baran, of the Rand Corporation, described a robust, efficient, store-and-forward data network in a report for the U.S. Air Force; Donald Davies suggested a similar idea in independent work for the Postal Service in the U.K., and coined the term packet for the data units that would be carried. According to Baran and Davies, packet switching networks could be designed so that all components operated independently, eliminating single point-of-failure problems. In addition, network communication resources appear to be dedicated to individual users but, in fact, statistical multiplexing and an upper limit on the size of a transmitted entity result in fast, economical data networks.
In the 1980s, first generation (1G) cell phones consisted of voice-only analog devices with limited range and features that were sold mainly in North America. In the 1990s, second generation (2G) devices consisted of voice/data digital cell phones with higher data transfer rates, expanded range, and more features. Sales of these devices expanded to Europe and Asia. In the twenty-first century, Nokia and other companies are combining several digital technologies into third generation (3G) communication devices that reach globally and feature the convergence of the cell phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), Internet services, and multimedia applications.
Sensor Network Topology: The topology of the sensor network must be maintained even with very high node densities.
A bus topology was one of the first topologies used in that it consists of a single bus (aka: backbone). Typically this is a coaxial cable where nodes can connect via a T' connector which allows the bus to continue to the end of the cable. Due to the nature of this design when the data reaches the end of the cable if it's not properly terminated (which kills the signal) then we can receive what's called bounce back. This ricocheting of the data could severely hinder the communication pathing of the bus. As I recall there is a general rule of thumb for a bus topology which is the rule of 5-4-3-2-1. This means that you can have 5 data segments of which there can be 4 connectors (continuing connections) which link the 5 data segments. 3 of the segments must be populated. There must be 2 terminators on the bus (1 at each end of the cable) and 1 network connection out.
Bus topology refers to a local area network (LAN) arrangement where each node or device is connected to a main cable or link called a bus. A bus network is simple yet very reliable. Since nodes themselves are not relied upon for communication, the failure of a single node is not problematic for the rest of the network. For a major issue to occur, there must be a problem with the bus itself.
A bus network is a network topology in which nodes are directly connected to a branched half-duplex link called a bus. A star topology is a topology for a Local Area Network in which all nodes are individually connected to a central connection point, like a hub or a switch. A star takes more cable, but the benefit is that if a cable fails, only one node will be brought down. Advantages of using a star topology include fast connection speed because each workstation has a dedicated cable, it will not slow down when many users are on-line and new workstations can be added without affecting the other workstations.
such as in an office or a university campus, commonly use bus, star, or ring topologies.
The invention of the first computers in the 1950’s led to the discovery of the internet or network of networks. This began with communication of point-to-point between the mainframes of the computers and terminal. Then earlier on the researches were conducted into packet switching.
Before we begin our discussion on transporting voice over a data networks, it is important to understand the concept and terms associated with a traditional telephone network. One of the most common piece of telecommunication equipment used today is the telephone. When you plug an ordinary analog telephone into the wall jack installed by the local telephone company, you are connected to the telephone network and are able to place calls. 1), but how is this process performed?
Making a telephone call no longer should conjure up visions of operators connecting cables by hand or even of electrical signals causing relays to click into place and effect connections during dialing. The telephone system now is just a multilevel computer network with software switches in the network nodes to route calls get through much more quickly and reliably than they did in the past. A disadvantage is the potential for dramatic and widespread failures; for as has happened.