Discuss the relationship between distribution of muscle fiber type and performance. How might exercise training modify or change a person’s fiber-type distribution?
As we have learned through our reading, most all bodies skeletal muscles are made up of primarily three types of skeletal muscle fibers, but their proportion differs depending on what action the muscles is doing. For example, type I fibers such as muscles of the neck, back, and leg have a higher proportion. According to Quinn (2014), type I muscles are slower and more effective, they tend fire a lot slower than fast twitch fibers and they fatigue at a much slower rate. Hence, slower twitch fibers are pronounced at helping athletes run marathons and bicycle for hours. Shoulder and arm muscles are not always active but are intermittent in their use; these muscles tend to have a larger amount of tension for uses in throwing and lifting. These muscles have a combination of both type I and type II B fibers. These fast twitch fibers use anaerobic metabolism to create energy and are the "classic" fast twitch muscle fibers that excel at producing quick, powerful bursts of speed. These muscles are used in events such as 100m sprint, basketball, soccer and football. Since this muscle fiber fires at such a high rate of contraction it will fatigue much faster and will not last long before needing to rest.
On average, approximately 60% of people have fast muscle fiber and 40% slow-twitch fiber (type I). There can be shifts in fiber composition, but fundamentally, we all have three types of muscle fiber that need to train (Kenney, 2011).
If you read different studies believe it or not, but current research shows that the nervous system has the capability to modify fiber typ...
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...at carry blood into the heart are the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. They are called this because they are the veins of the heart. The superior is located near the top of the heart. The inferior is located beneath the superior (The Franklin Institute, 2014).
According to Virtual Medical Centre (2014) the primary function of the blood is to act as a transport, to give the body protection and to help regulate. The blood dissolves gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. The blood also transports vital nutrients throughout the body, such as micro-nutrients, fatty acids and amino acids. The flow of the blood helps to regulate the body’s temperature. Also the blood removes wastes material of metabolism. Blood cells (white and red cells) are carried through the body to help with the body’s natural defense, blood clotting and the carry anti-bodies.
The four different type of fiber types are: slow, fast and fatigue resistant, fast fatigable and fast intermediate. Slow muscle fibers have a long twitch time, which means that they have low peak forces, and have a high resistance to fatigue. These fibers are high in oxidative enzymes and are low in glycolytic markers and ATP activity.
The Hematologic System is regarded as the body’s system that regulates the movement of nutrients, molecules (macro and micro molecules), and oxygen to tissues and metabolic waste products and carbon dioxide out of the tissues (Colbert, 2009). The overall role of the hematologic system is to deliver substances needed for cellular metabolism, temperature regulation, defend the body from injury and microbial infections, and maintain the homeostatic balance or acid-base chemistry of the blood and fluid-electrolyte balance. The Hematologic System is principally made up of the blood, blood vessels, and primary organs that manufacture blood cells such as the bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, liver, and thymus gland (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2009). Blood is made up of three distinct components: red blood cells, white blood cells, and plasma, and its role is to transport necessary substances for metabolism (nutrients, hormones and oxygen) to cells and to remove metabolic waste products and carbon dioxide, regulation of body temperature and fluid balance, and protect the body from infections. Blood vessels simply aid the transportation of blood throughout the body, simply in and out of the heart. Spleen on its part is the largest lymphatic organ and functions as the blood filtration system and reservoir, site for fetal hematopoiesis, and mounts immune responses that act against invading infections. Bone marrow is another important component of the hematologic system, and its role is to synthesize new blood cells (Red blood cells white blood cells, and platelets) that constitute a healthy blood count while the liver functions by detoxifying the blood (Colbert, 2009).
This report will explore the structure and function of skeletal muscle within the human body. There are three muscle classifications: smooth (looks smooth), cardiac (looks striated) and skeletal (looks striated). Smooth muscle is found within blood vessels, the gut and the intestines; it assists the movement of substances by contracting and relaxing, this is an involuntary effort. The heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which contracts rhythmically nonstop for the entire duration of a person’s life and again is an involuntary movement of the body. The main focus of this report is on skeletal muscle and the movement produced which is inflicted by conscious thought unless there is a potentially harmful stimulus and then reaction is due to reflex, as the body naturally wants to protect itself. Skeletal muscle is found attached to bones and when they contract and relax they produce movement, there is a specific process that the muscle fibers go through to allow this to occur.
Red blood cells deliver the oxygen to the muscles and organs of the body.
Sarcopenia is considered to be the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and it’s functioning due to aging (Waters, Baumgartner & Garry 2000). It is linked to muscle atrophy which is shortening of the muscle. It can be mostly noticed in fast twitch fibres which usually fatigue easily and provide a larger amount of force in comparison to slow twitch fibres. Sarcopenia is usually ...
Bodybuilding Workout Schedule - Crazy Mass Review! Having a bodybuilding workout schedule is a great way to plan your workouts and ensure that you remain committed to your bodybuilding program. Bodybuilding Workout Schedule A good bodybuilding workout schedule will include every exercise necessary for full body development and also provide each muscle group with enough time off to recover.
The pattern of blood flow starts in the left atrium to right atrium, then into the left ventricle and right ventricle. During its course, blood flows through the mitral and tricuspid valves. Simultaneously, the right atrium is granted blood from the veins through the superior and inferior vena cava. The job of the superior vena cava is to transport de-oxygenated blood to the right atrium. When your heart beats, the first beat represents the AV valves closing to prevent the backflow of blood into the atrium.
The Circulatory System is a transportation and cooling system for the body. The Red Blood Cells act like billions of little mail men carrying all kinds of things that are needed by the cells, also RBC's carry oxygen and nutrients to the cells. All cells in the body require oxygen to remain alive. Also there is another kind of cells called white blood cells moving in the system. Why blood cells protect from bacteria and other things that are harmful. The Circulatory system contains vein arteries, veins are used to carry blood to the heart and arteries to carry the blood away. The blood inside veins is where most of the oxygen and nutrients are and is called deoxygenated and the color of the blood is dark red. However, blood in the arteries are also full of oxygen but is a bright red. The main components of the circulatory system are the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Dunn, George et al. National Strength and Conditioning Association. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal. 7. 27-29. 1985.
The veins supply the deoxygenated blood from the body to the right side of heart. Then the heart pumps it back to the lungs, where it absorbs more oxygen. Then the oxygen contained blood returns to the left side of your heart and then it pumps it out to the res...
Cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary muscle found only in the walls of the heart, specifically the myocardium. Cardiac muscles contract automatically to tighten the walls of the heart in a rhythmic fashion (pp.212-216). The heart beats nonstop about 100,000 times each day (p.18). Smooth muscle is a type of involuntary muscle found within the walls of blood vessels such as in small arteries and veins. Smooth muscle is also found in the urinary bladder, uterus, male and female reproductive tracts, gastrointestinal tract, and the respiratory tract. Skeletal muscles are voluntarily controlled and are attached to bones by tendons. Skeletal muscles also vary considerably in size and shape. They range from extremely tiny strands such as in the muscle of the middle ear as large like in the muscles of the thigh (Martini, 2000). The three individual muscle types also serve five main functions. The five basic functions are movement, organ protection, pumping blood, aiding digestion, and ensuring blood flow.
The contraction of a muscle is a complex process, requiring several molecules including ATP and Cl-, and certain regulatory mechanisms [1]. Myosin is motor protein that converts chemical bond energy from ATP into mechanical energy of motion [1]. Muscle contraction is also regulated by the amount of action potentials that the muscle receives [2]. A greater number of actions potentials are required to elicit more muscles fibers to contract thus increasing the contraction strength [2]. Studied indicate that the larger motor units, which were recruited at higher threshold forces, tended to have shorter contraction times than the smaller units [3]. The aims of the experiment were to reinforce the concept that many chemicals are required for skeletal muscle contraction to occur by using the rabbit muscle (Lepus curpaeums) [2]. In addition, the experiment was an opportunity to measure the strength of contraction and to observe the number of motor units that need to be recruited to maintain a constant force as the muscles begin to fatigue [2]. Hypothetically, the rabbit muscle fiber should contract most with ATP and salt solution; and the amount of motor units involved would increase with a decreasing level of force applied until fatigue stage is reached.
Our blood is able to connect all our organs together to create one organism and is able to transport the most vital and important molecules through these blood streams. Hence, blood cells are needed for immune system function and metabolic functions.
Muscle tissues grow by means of physical activity in the same way they are able to become more well-defined (with regards to physical
In this paper I will be explaining the concept of bodybuilding. Who is a bodybuilder? Chances are you probably know one. A bodybuilder is anyone who is making a conscious effort to make their bodies better. A bodybuilder is someone who is trying to lose fat or add muscle to their musculature. Examples of a bodybuilder could be anyone really, a mom treadmilling after work, an olympic swimmer lifting weights for greater strength, or a teenage boy lifting weights only to get a better physique; they are all bodybuilders.