Essay On Hybrid Vehicle

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A hybrid vehicle combines any two power(energy) sources. Possible combinations include diesel/electric, gasoline/flywheel, and fuel cell/battery. Typically one energy source is storage and other is conversion of a fuel to energy. Throughout this essay, the word ’engine’ is used to denote the gasoline or diesel engine. Further the word ‘motor’ signifies an electric motor or the motor/generator(M/G).
A hybrid vehicle may consist of a gasoline engine combined with an M/G. A hybrid electric vehicle is formed by merging components from a pure electrical vehicle and a pure gasoline vehicle. HEVs reuire a smaller engine than a conventional vehicle as the electric motor can serve as a power-assist. The electric vehicle(EV) has an M/G which allows regenerative braking for an EV; the M/G installed in the HEV enables regenerative braking. For the HEV, the M/G is tucked directly behind the engine. In Honda hybrids, the M/G is connected directly to the engine. The transmission appears next in line. This arrangement has two torque producers; the M/G in motor mode, M-mode and the gasoline engine. The battery and M/G are connected electrically.
One new component, control system, has been added. The control system can enhance driving experience. Mixing propulsion from the engine and M/G opens many new control dilemmas to be solved and decisions to be made. Major functions are to maximize miles per gallon(mpg) and minimize exhaust emissions. Integration of mechanical components, electrical components, and the control software is as important as hardware. Integration and software challenges are enormous. Components must engage and disengage smootly.
Numerous minor functions of the control system include component protection by monitoring battery ...

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...wer distribution system is seperated into two parts at vastly different power levels and voltages. One part is the “smarts” section or information section which is mainly computers and microprocessors (low power, low voltage). Another part is the muscle section or the power electronics that manages the power to the M/G and to the battery(high power,high voltage)
Hybrid electric vehicle are inherently expensive because of the extra components compared to a conventional vehicle(CV). The M/G and the large, high-voltage battery add to the cost. The HEV needs complex power management involving the HEV information(computers, software, algorithms, etc.) and HEV power(power transistors, cooling system, etc). The control system is extremely complicated and represents a tremendous challenge; it is not easy.
There are three common design options: series, parallel, and mixed.

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