Essay On Graphite Oxide

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3 Methodology
3.1 Chemicals
Chemicals will be obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Graphite powder will be used as the raw material. Concentrated hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide will be used for the oxidation process to oxidase graphite powder to graphite oxide. The next process will be to get the reduced graphene oxide. Hydrazine monohydrate will be used as the reductants. To make graphene as a glucose sensor, glucose, chitosan, phosphate buffer saline, potassium chloride, acetic acid, chloroplatinic acid, sulphuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid and uric acid will be used. All solutions used in the glucose sensor experiment will be prepared with ultra-pure water.
3.2 Sample Preparation
3.2.1 Preparation of graphite oxide
Graphite oxide will be synthesized by graphite powder through pre-oxidation and oxidation process based on Hummers and Hummers Improved method (Marcano et al., 2010). 20 g of graphite powder will be stirred in a heated solution of 30 ml H2SO4, 10 g K2S2O8 and 10 g P2O5 at 80°C for 30 minutes until dark blue mixture will be formed. The mixture will be cooled to 25°C for 6 hours. After that deionized water will be added and the ingredient will be filtered and washed until filtrate become neutral pH. Then, the filtrate will be dried overnight in vacuum desiccator at 25°C. 460 ml of concentrated H2SO4 will be used to oxidise the graphite in the ice bath after the drying process. KMnO4 will be added slowly with stirring and temperature of suspension will be maintained at 20°C.Then, the ice bath will be removed and the suspension will be heating up in an oil bath at 35°C for 2 hours until the suspension is thickening and effervescence paste in brownish grey colour will b...

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...at 3400 cm-1 by FTIR spectra.

3.4.3 Cyclic voltammetry (CV)
Cyclic voltammetric and amperometic measurements will be performed to measure and detect the current at the working electrode and plotted versus the applied voltage. Electrochemical window of working electrode and electrolyte solution can examine the oxidation/reduction peak of redox species. If absence of redox analyte the cyclic voltammogram will form rectangular shape as voltage constantly varies the current will get to steady state. GO (0.5 g/mL) will be added in to 0.05M Sodium Perborate (PBS) solution. 30 continuous Cyclic voltammograms will be executed in the potential range between 0 to -1.5 V while scan rate at 30 mV/s. A cathodic peak will emerge at -1.0 V with an onset potential of -0.75 V during first cathodic potential scan. Cathodic peak will be disappearing completely after several cycles.

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