Jose Carlos Espinoza
J15040959
05.19.17
GLY1010
Geology Assignment
1. Mineralogy
- This field is the science that studies minerals, their crystalline and structures, and their properties. A mineralogist should be working on being able to know the properties of minerals by studying and testing them.
INTERNET RESOURCES: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mineralogy http://www.environmentalscience.org/career/mineralogist
2. Igneous Petrology
- It is the part of geology that is in charge of the study of rocks from the genetic point and from their relationships with other rocks, very closely related with magma. It is considered one of the main parts of geology. An igneous petrologist studies every aspect of magma in order to know
…show more content…
Metamorphic Petrology
- It is the set of endogenous processes that lead to the lamination of rocks (mineralogy, texture, chemical composition and structure) in solid state. It is considered one of the main parts of geology. Basically, scientists make a continuous process of dehydration.
INTERNET RESOURCES: http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/faculty/hacker/geo102C/lectures/part1.html http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens212/
5. Tectonic Geology
- Studies the geological structures produced by deformations of the earth's crust, the rocks acquired after they have formed, as well as the processes that originate them. Scientist are working on the behavior of the tectonic plates in order to predict or know everything about it. This is one of the most interesting fields of the geology.
INTERNET RESOURCES: https://www.britannica.com/science/tectonics http://geology.com/plate-tectonics/
6. Seismology
- Is the science that is dedicated to study earthquakes. An earthquake is a sudden movement of the earth that is produced by the action of forces in the bosom of the earth globe. The tasks of the scientist that studied seismology is to know the behavior of these movement and they scale.
INTERNET RESOURCES:
An earthquake is the shaking of the ground caused by sudden release of energy inside the earth's crust. It's the breaking and moving of tectonic plates along a fault line. Earthquakes can range in size from weak where we don't feel them to extremely violent where they actually thow people around and destroy cities. They may be a result of geological faults or other activites such as volcanoes, landslides, mine blasts and nuclear tests. An earthquake is not always naturally caused.
Geologists, study the structure and processes of the Earth. They locate the types of rock
This is what is called the geologic column. The geologic column is A diagram that shows the subdivisions of part or all of geological time or the strati- graphical sequence in a particular area. 2
Dating back to the 18th century concretions have been known as geologic curiosity’s due to the various sizes, shapes and compositions. Concretions have also been thought to be dinosaur eggs, extra-terrestrial debris, human artifacts and animal and plant fossils. Due to these curiosity’s I will try and enlighten you more on these in the following by explaining the process in which they are formed and explaining some locations where they can be found in large outcrops.
Magma is a hot liquid made of melted minerals. Minerals can form crystals when they are cool. Igneous rock can form underground, where the magma cools. slowly. Or, igneous rock can form above ground, where the magma cools.
Psychology is the study of the mind and the behavior of mammals. Geology is a science that deals with the history of the earth and its life, recorded in rocks. The earth is consistently moving its tectonic plates. Therefore, there may be over 100 earthquakes a day; most of these earthquakes go unnoticed by humans on the crust of the earth. Other earthquakes for example, the one in 2011 located in Japan and the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989 (Earth- Marshak). Unfortunately, many people died in horrific ways during these deadly earthquakes, leaving thousands diagnosed with psychological disorders such as, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Specific Phobias directly related to the natural environment of the earth.
The way that these three components interact is one of the main focuses of petrologists and volcanologists.
Feldspar and Olivine are two silicate minerals commonly found on the Earth’s surface, their chemical formulas are KAlSi3O8 – NaAlSi3O8 –CaAl2Si2O8 for feldspars and (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 for olivine. Olivine is a nesosilicate, whereas feldspars are a group of tectosilicates, both minerals are anhydrous, since they contain no water in their chemical structure. Feldspars hold differing quantities of different elements, such as potassium, calcium, and sodium; making them classifiable in terms of composition, for instance, NaAlSi3O8 is Albite, while CaAl2Si2O8 is referred to as Anorthite.
It is composed of two elements; oxygen and sulfur. This mineral can either be white in colour, gray, brown, orange, green, red, pink, yellow, beige, or it can be colourless, and the streak that it leaves is white. Based on the Moh’s Hardness scale, Gypsum falls somewhere around the 2 margin. Its lustre is close to that of glass (in properties and in appearance), and is considered vitreous. The cleavage—where it breaks along its line of weakness—is 1,1 – micaceous ; 2,2 and its fracture is uneven. Gypsum is slightly flexible, has low hardness, where it can be scratched by a fingernail, and is sectile (can be cut with a knife). Gypsum is a sedimentary rock, meaning it was formed by cementation at the surface of the Earth near bodies of water; it causes the mineral (gypsum) to settle within the
In their page, Rocks or Idaho; Harvey, Jacqueline, Vita Taube, and Diana Boyackarth states that the earth contains three types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rock makes up most of the rocks on the earth.The earth contains seventy five percent sedimentary rock. Seventy percent are sedimentary rocks that are on the earths surface, the other 5% is on the earths crust. Sedimentary rocks are formed in two main stages. First ocean waves, rivers, glaciers, wind or landslides transport loose, solid particles from weathering and erosion of preexisting rock. The particles are named sediment (Rocks of Idaho).
Geology is a great profession because it has so many areas and branches. There is something for anything that you are interested in regarding the Earth and/or it's history. Geologists get to travel to cool places and see cool things. They are paid to spend time in remote and beautiful locations. They are not stuck in one place, because they work in the field, the laboratory, and the office. Being a geologist comes with a lot of work and responsibility, but there are so many rewarding aspects that it is completely worth it.
At the very dawning of the science of historical geology, James Hutton developed views on the earth’s geologic processes and ow they affect the planet unlike any other scientist before him. His idea that the planet’s processes revolved in a cyclic fashion were the cornerstone of uniformitarianism. Although he did not coin the phrase himself, an honor bestowed upon William Whewell, he did form the basic idea that the history of the earth can be explained by what is happening now.
Igneous rocks are formed from the ejection of earth’s volcanoes. Deep down inside earth’s mantle there lies hot magma. Magma is molten rock that is kept below the surface. This mixture is usually made up of four parts: a hot liquid substance which is called the melt; minerals that have been crystallized by the melt; solid rocks that have made themselves tangled in the melt because of loose materials, and finally gases that have become liquid. Magma is created by an increase in temperatures, pressure change, and a alter in composition. When this magma is ejected from earth’s crust it earns a new name called lava. The lava hardens and becomes an Igneous rock.
Earthquakes belong to the class of most disastrous natural hazards. They result in unexpected and tremendous earth movements. These movements results from dissemination of an enormous amount of intense energy in form of seismic waves which are detected by use of seismograms. The impact of earthquakes leaves behind several landmarks including: destruction of property, extensive disruption of services like sewer and water lines, loss of life, and causes instability in both economic and social components of the affected nation (Webcache 2).
This process takes place with carbon dioxide, it reacts with certain types of rocks forming a solution that can easily be carried by water. Then there’s lichens and acid rain. Lichens are a combination of fungi and algae and grow on rocks and produce acids that break down the minerals within the rocks. Leaching is the process of removing dissolved minerals as they are carried to lower layers in the soil. The chemical weathering processes need water and occur more rapidly at higher temperatures. So warm, damp climates are the best places where chemical weathering occurs. It would most likely occur most when it’s raining because chemical weathering needs water for the process/ processes to happen. Water also interacts with calcites in caves, causing them to dissolve. In addition to changing the shapes of rocks, chemical weathering from water changes the composition of water. Weathering over billions of years is a big