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to aware of their own attitudes because these are soft skills.Conceptual skills are important for top level management. Because top level managementoften deal with abstract ideas, whereas lower level management normally spend more time dealing with observable objects and processes.
4.CHANGING EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
4.1:- External changes:-
Externalenvironment changes affect the organisation both directly and indirectly way. The outside forces which are affect the organisation.
Competition changes:- All organisations have one or more competitors. Today is the world of competition. We can see the competition in every field. We have to ready to face these changes and our competitors. For example, Anton Accountancy Ltd. Also has competitor
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Many overseas are getting the residency of New Zealand. The total population in New Zealand was 4.6 million reported bu statistic New Zealand. Unemployment rate is rising.
Technological changes:-Technological changes are increased day by day. Technology is important external force. The adoption of new technology for example, computers, telecommunication systems and flexible manufacturing operations impact on the organisations. Jobs are replaced because of computers. But management has to give the training to employees for new technology and new skills. Management’s investments are increasing through training and education.
4.2 External
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Managers get their organisational goals and objectives through the proper planning. There are three main levels of planning: operational, tactical and strategic planning.
Strategic plans:-Strategic plans are taken by higher level management such as CEO and top level management for the lower level planning. Strategic planning can be for two, three, five or even ten years. Strategic plans are made for profitability, improving productivity, achieving growth, improving customer services etc.
Tactical planning:-The next one is tactical planning after strategic planning. The tactical planning is very flexible planning. Generally, tactical planning is designed by mid level management. Tactical plans are translating the strategic plans into specific area. These plans are always concerned with the responsibility because it is the duty of tactical plans to fulfil the parts of the strategic plans.
Operational planning:-Operational planning is the bottom line planning. Operational planning is the created by supervisors and lower level mangers. Mangers have to make plans for daily routine task of the organisation. These types of planning is included in the operational planning like to make the roaster for the employees, creating a monthly budget, stock orderings, advertising and all
The strategic plan is planned those who influence resources and understand how a set of tactics work together, it is identifying and setting a vision. On the other hand tactical planning utilizes the resources to achieve the goals and support the vision. Those doing this type of planning face having to plan the usage of limited resources into actions to achieve a set of goals. I don’t think the two can really be separated, but rather they go hand in hand (Owyang).
Environmental – External environmental factors are forces or trends that can affect a business whether it is an opportunity, threat, or constraint. They can be divided into three interrelated subcategories of remote, industry, and operating environments. The remote environment includes factors beyond a company’s operating situation such as the economic, social, political, technological, and ecological factors. The industry environment includes factors that have more of a direct influence on a company’s business such as entry barriers, competitor rivalry, the availability of substitutes, and the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers.
More than a century ago, being diagnosed or being born with visual impairment meant one was condemned to a life of disability, confinement and a feeling of being alone. The visually impaired people have had minimal chances of living an ordinary life and achieving their goals over the past few decades. The visually impaired people face many challenges in their attempts to receive the much-needed education or to even get employment in order to survive in this world. In the last one hundred years, numerous changes have been implemented to improve the way the visually impaired community live their lives and to also increase the number of opportunities made available to them. These changes include new legislations, change in perception of the visually
As per Henry Mintzberg, former president of the Strategic Management Society, “strategy cannot be planned because planning is about analysis and strategy is about synthesis. Strategic planning involves a structure or framework, a set of procedures both formal and informal, and of course content. Beyond these basic elements, the underlying assumptions about strategic planning are that the future can be anticipated, forecasted, managed or even controlled, and that the best way to do so is to have a formal and integrated plan about it in place. The process of planning itself may turn out to be more important than the results, and that process requires both analysis and synthesis. Planning simply introduces a formal “discipline” for conducting long-term thinking about an institution, and for recognizing opportunities in and for minimizing risks from the external and internal environments.
A strategic plan is a tool that delivers guidance in achieving a mission or goal with maximum proficiency and control for an organization. Strategic planning is used to transform and revitalize organizations. The plan helps provide an inclusive understanding of opportunities and challenges both internally and externally for the organization. The plan delivers an assessment of the strengths and limitations that are realistic within the company. A well-developed strategic plan will offer a comprehensive approach and empowerment for the stakeholders involved. It is an opportunity for learning and understanding priorities that will drive the business to succeed. Jones (2010), describes how in health care organizations, strategic plans characteristically concentrate on operational and organizational goals such as when to obtain new technology, how to meet competitive challenges, and what staffing, tools, or facilities are needed to ensure organizational survival. The mission and value statements are significant in determining the quality of a strategic initiative. Forcing the organization to look toward the future creates proactive objectives in which both short-term and long-terms plans and goals are necessary in order to succeed.
Changes within the internal and external environment is important for managers within organisations to pay close attention too, as these factors influence how managers conduct managerial plans. “Managerial planning is the process of assessing an organisation 's goals and creating a realistic, detailed plan of action for meeting those goals.” (“McQuerrey”, n.d, para 1.) The way in which organisations respond to changes within their environment is by creating and evaluating a strategic management plan. This essay will discuss that resistance to change and the failure to capitalize on the benefits of a strategic management plan result in managerial plans more likely redundant due to changes in the environment. However, an effective
The managers must set organizational goals aligned with the company mission. This will provide a strategy for achieving those goals. For example, planning can be seen at every level such as creating goals for sales as well as for the customer experience (Higgins, 1994).
Strategic Planning is looking at where you are now, knowing where you want to be in the future and planning the steps to get you there.
Organizations usually face change due to many forces surrounding the business. The forces can be from internal or external sources. External forces of change usually occur outside of the organization and it could have a global effect. There four external forces for change: demographic characteristics, technological advancements, market changes, and social and political pressures (Kreitner-Kinicki, 2003). The internal forces for change come from inside the organization. The forces come from human problems and managerial behaviors and decisions.
Planning and organizing is another vital quality needed for managers. If manager can do effective planning he can really contribute in the long term progress and development of his organization. Proper planning helps in useful and efficient use of the existing resources of the organization. After planning if you are not able to organize the things, this can really worsen your planning.
Once plans have been developed, an organization must address how management will be accomplishing be those plans. This involves operational plans that must flow from strategy; specify resource, time issues, and commitment of human resources. Operational plans at the lower - levels of the organization, have a shorter time horizon, and are narrower in scope (Bateman, Snell 2003 p.113). A good example of this is Wal-Mart's main strategic goal. It is to provide quality merchandise at an affordable low cost to consumers. Its operational goals focus on efficient logistics requiring technology and inventory management systems to help reduce costs so it can be passed on to the customer. Operational plans are derived from a tactical plan and are aimed at achieving one or more operational goals (Bateman, Snell 2003 p.113).
Organisation is the most important element in management. Any organization is located and operated in the environment. Every action of all organizations is possible only if it allows its realization. The internal environment is the source of its vitality. It involves the capacity needed for the functioning of the organization, but at the same time can be a source of problems and even her death of the organisation. The external environment is the source that supply organization resources. The organization is in constant exchange with the external environment consequently it provides itself with survival. The main objective of this work is to consider elements of the internal and external environment of the organization which are in a constant
If asked what strategic planning is one could interpret it as simply a road map that can guide the organization in the right direction. It is very unlikely that an organization would know which direction to take without a sense of direction. Managers are faced every day with decisions that have a major impact on the direction the organization must take, therefore, strategic planning can play an important role in guiding managers in the right direction. In other words strategic planning is a tool that management can use to give them a sense of direction that will guide them in doing a better job and to ensure that all the members of the organization are working toward the same goals
Strategic planning has a focus on stabilizing the current environment, and it also support the organization's business plans and goals. Strategic planning helps to implement new projects, new technology, consolidation of data centers, data warehouses, exponential data growth, cost of ownership, and resources available in an organization to assess the future requirements. Strategic planning analyzes the business plan, potential blockage or other issues in the current architecture, processes and their implementation in new initiatives, and processes. Strategic planning helps to formulate the ideas about the key factors that are affecting the present and future development of the organization and the opportunities offered by the environment and the competence of the organization.
In order to achieve the goals of the organisation, managers have to set goals and developed a workable plan to complete the goals. Organising is one of the processes to organise people, activities and other resource in a logical way (Davidson 2009). Through the organising