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Discuss the differences between descriptive and inferential statistics essay
Strengths and weaknesses of inferential statistics
Strengths and weaknesses of inferential statistics
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• Define descriptive and inference statistic. What is/are the differences?
Descriptive statistics refers to the collection, presentation, description, analysis and interpretation of a collection of data, essentially is to summarize these with one or two pieces of information (descriptive measures) that characterize all of them. The descriptive statistics is the method of obtaining a data set conclusions about themselves and do not exceed the knowledge provided by them. It can also be used to summarize or describe any outfit whether it is a population or a sample, as in the preliminary stage of statistical inference the elements of a sample known.
Statistical Inference refers to the process of making generalizations about the properties of the whole population, based on the specific, which shows their implicit a number of risks. To these generalizations are valid sample must be representative of the population and the quality of information should be controlled , as well as the conclusions and lessons I are subject to errors, you need to specify the risk or probability that one can commit those mistakes. Inferential statistics is the set of techniques used to draw conclusions that go beyond the limits of the knowledge provided by the data, looking for information of a collective through a methodical process of managing sample data.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS:
It is the branch of statistics that deals with the collection, presentation, description, analysis and interpretation of a dataset.
Analyzes studies and describes the unique characteristics of all the individuals in a group.
Its purpose is to obtain information, analyze it, work it and simplify it necessary to interpret quickly.
Has an inductive function.
There are two ways to so...
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...ation. Examples of hospital units would conglomerates, polling, etc.
• Define questionnaire and explain the four questionnaire errors.
Questionnaire is a written genre that aims to gather information through a series of questions on a given topic to finally give overall scores on it. So that, we can say that it is a research tool used to collect, quantify and eventually compare the information collected.
Four questionnaire errors:
1 - The options are not mutually exclusive, which confuses and generates many responses such as "not responding".
2 - The options are ambiguous, causing confusion or answers like "it depends", so the data is lost and there is a high percentage of non-response.
3 - The question makes a false or hypocritical response, eg if improperly closed.
4 - The question refers to different things at the same time question several things at once.
The final chapter of this book encourages people to be critical when taking in statistics. Someone taking a critical approach to statistics tries assessing statistics by asking questions and researching the origins of a statistic when that information is not provided. The book ends by encouraging readers to know the limitations of statistics and understand how statistics are
Inferential statistics establish the methods for the analyses used for conclusions drawing conclusions beyond the immediate data alone concerning an experiment or study for a population built on general conditions or data collected from a sample (Jackson, 2012; Trochim & Donnelly, 2008). With inferential statistics, you are trying to reach conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data alone. For instance, we use inferential statistics to try to infer from the sample data what the population might think. A requisite for developing inferential statistics supports general linear models for sampling distribution of the outcome statistic; researchers use the related inferential statistics to determine confidence (Hopkins, Marshall, Batterham, & Hanin, 2009).
Descriptive statistics is a procedure of organizing sample data. This procedure allows readers to be able to understand and describe the data’s importance. Descriptive statistics allows an individual to quickly understand the data and make predict an individual score; however, descriptive statistics does not describe all data in the sample. Inferential statistics is a process that determines whether sample data accurately represented the relationship to the population. In other words, one uses inferential statistics to determine if the sample data is believable.
Generally speaking, Karl Pearson and Ronald Aylmer Fisher are two persons who accounts for the greatest room in this book, due to their excellent work and philosophical difference in approach to distributions. Karl Pearson regarded statistical distributions as depicting a real image of data while Fisher viewed the collected data as the estimation
5. Chose one solution and carry it out. Then ask if it has been working.
For people who are not statisticians, they may wonder what statisticians do, and how statistics could be applied in daily life. Statistics: A Guide to the Unknown is a supplementary reading materials designed for general readers even if he or she did not learn enough knowledge of statistics, mathematics and probability. Besides, it could give statisticians a general understanding of the important role of statistics in society. This book also analyzes how statistics assists people to gain useful information from massive data sets. In order to form a more respected book, the editors invite many distinguished researchers in statistics as authors. The book consists of twenty-five essays from different fields, including public policy and social science, science and technology, biology and medicine, business and industry, and hobbies and recreation. Each essay provides readers a description of how statistical methods are applied to solve issues in that field.
...o the Interval and Ratio variables of the Numerical data. Furthermore, the Categorical data are often accompanied by non-parametric statistics; the Numerical data are often used with parametric statistics. In short, the measurement of data (Numerical vs. Categorical) and the kind of statistics (parametric vs. non-parametric) will distinguish one statistic from another.
The purpose is to explain, predict and or control phenomena through a focused collection of numerical data. Answers the question what, when and where. Sampling is a large population that is random. The design is structured, inflexible, specified in detail (Quantitative, Qualitative Research, 2012). Data collection focus groups and interviews. Data interruptions are conclusions and generalizations at the end of the study, never one hundred percent sure of the outcome. Used to study individual cases and find out how people think or feel (Broader, 2010). Quantitative studies provide more in-depth information that is specific to an issue can often be used for comparison. Quantitative data offer inferential statics, a collection of data about millions of people and make inferences about a target population. The data include gender, height weight, cholesterol level, waist circumference and temperature, ages, geographical region or population and can be anonymous. It helps to measure trends over time such as frequency of outbreaks of communicable diseases in a community. Quantitative enables the ability to summarize allows for comparisons over time and across categories information sources. Quantitative has higher accuracy, eliminates bias, proves or disproves a hypothesis and narrows directions if further research is needed. Quantitative can assist nurses in determine which scientific method to determine which
Statistics may simply refer to numerical information, or can be defined as “the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data to assist in making more effective decisions (Lind, Marchal & Wathen, 2011). Types of statistics are Descriptive and Inferential (also known as Statistical Inference). As Statistics is the science, Descriptive Statistics is the method of performing the functions of Statistics and presenting the data in a useful ...
n my eyes, statistics are everywhere. Basketball, for example, is a game of percentages and statistics. When I watch, I see numbers. Not the jerseys, but the stats behind each player, team, and game. If you asked me how last night's game went or how skilled I think a player is, I would answer in data. Statistics is how I interpret the world, especially basketball.
B. Knowledge of Statistical Theory: 1) Some knowledge about variation. Variation there will always be between people, in output in service, in product. 2) Understand of the capability of a process. 3) Knowledge about the different kinds of uncertainty in statistical
Quantitative is numerical or statistical data which often comes from surveys, surveillance or administration records. Quantitative evidence provides a good overall picture of a population or geographical region. It can often be used to measure trends over time. It describes who, what, where and when. Quantitative has four main designs, Descriptive, Correlational, Experimental and Quasi-experimental. Descriptive is the characteristics of individuals, situations or groups and the frequency which with certain phenomena occur using statistics to summarise and describe data. Correlational, interrelationship amongst variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher. Experimental is systematic and objective, investigator controls the independent variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions (Ingham-Broomfield, n.d.).
Statistics refers to the use of numerical information in everyday life to calculate facts and figures in limitless circumstances such as, batting averages, market share, and changes in the stock market. In addition, statistics refers to the scientific collecting, classifying, summarizing, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data. Statistics involves describing data sets and drawing conclusions based on sampling about the data sets (McClave, Benson & Sincich, 2011). Statistics are divided into two areas: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.
Surveys: Are generally given in the form of an interview or questionnaire, providing researchers with information about how people think or act. In an interview, researchers try to obtain data through face-to-face interviews or telephone questioning. A skillful interviewer can go beyond the written questions and probe participants underlying feelings.
Researchers, professionals and others use statistics to prove their claims or findings. Even though statistics are not an absolute fact because the conclusion is mostly drawn from a sample group – representative of a specific population subjected to the research, it is commonly used as the basis of decision making or alternating choices in daily living, studies, works, scientific research, politics and other planning. The inventor of a documentary film called “An inconvenient truth”, Mr. Al Gore, for instance, in his campaign to educate people about the climate change, used statistics to alert people that everyone on earth is polluting the environment and should participate in solving the problem. He collected data from many different countries with an in...