CHAPTER 2
2.1 The Maintenance Cost Description
In general, maintenance can be defined as the process of preserving a condition or situation or the state of being preserved (Oxford Dictionary). Meanwhile, cost means by (of an object or action) require the payment of (a specified sum of money) before it can be acquired or done. Thus, according to English Dictionary, maintenance cost can be described by the costs associated with keeping a road, building, vehicle, or machine in good condition by regularly checking it and repairing it when necessary.
Besides, Chu and Tsai (2004) has explain the maintenance cost in their research in a broad definition as “maintenance cost not only covers the cost of maintenance, but also includes capital outlays, maintenance and traffic services, administration and research, law enforcement
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(2012). The Effect of Restricted Budgets For Road Maintenance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 48, 484-494.
Mirghani, M. (2003). Application and Implementation Issues of A Framework for Costing Planned Maintenance. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 9(4), 436-449.
Miskinis, D., & Lingaitis, V. (2006). Maintenance Costs of Road Pavement and Motor Vehicles on The Route Vilnius-Kaunas-Klaipeda. Transport, XXI (2), 131-134.
Nazim, U. (1983). An Analytical Decision Model for Resource Allocation in Highway Maintenance Management. Transportation Research Part A, 17(2), 133-138. Rezqallah , H., Hamad , I.-A., & Salih, O. (1999). The Use of An Analytical Hierarchy Process in Pavement Maintenance Priority Ranking. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 5(1), 25-39.
Seyedshohadaie, S., Damnjanovic, I., & Butenko, S. (2010). Risk-based Maintenance and Rehabilitation Decisions for Transportation Infrastructure Networks. Transportation Research Part A, 44, 236-248.
Wang, N., & Horner, M. (2007). CSI Model for Estimating Road Maintenance Projects. Construction Management and Economics, 25,
There will come a time when the car a person owns will need some necessary maintenance, or something breaks and has to be replaced. Labor rates for auto repairs have skyrocketed, with rates averaging from $100-$138 an hour. (Roth, 2011) If a repair is complex enough, that hourly rate may not be a factor, but with some repairs, a person may find that the labor costs are a lot more expensive than the part that is being replaced. I...
John Deere Component Works (JDCW), subdivision of John Deere and Co. was in charged specifically of the manufacturing of tractor component parts. The demand for JDCW’s products had problems due to the collapse of farmland value and commodity prices. Numerous and constant failures in JDCW’s competition for bids, alerted top management to start questioning their current costing methods. As an outcome, the analysis has to be guided to research on the current costing methods with the intention of establishing legitimacy and to help the company in adopting a more appropriate costing system.
Furthermore, estimated cost-driver rates in traditional ABC models are usually overstated, since cost driver rates are often calculated assuming that resources are ...
Roybal, H., Baxendale, S.J., and Gupta, M., (1999), “Using Activity-Based Costing and Theory of Constraints to Guide
When we talk about aviation maintenance, we speak of repairs, alterations and the act of preserving an aircraft in its original airworthy condition. An airworthiness certificate is given to an aircraft after countless hours of design, research and testing. And in order to keep this certificate valid; an aircraft must be maintained in accordance with a certain specification. These specifications are brought to us by the Federal Aviation Administration. The Federal Aviation Regulation part that spells out these rules is found in part 43. These acts are performed to prevent harm to pilots, passengers, and even innocent bystander that may become involved in an incident due to improper maintenance. As maintenance managers, we must understand these implications that must be followed, so that we may ensure that our facility is performing to the standards set upon us by the FAA. The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 allowed for the regulation of air commerce in such manner as to best promote its development and safety. This brought about a rulemaking process to insure that all aspects of aviation could be regulated in a way as to provide maximum safety to all. This was the initial birth of 14 CFR 43, or Part 43 of the FAR's which is ironically titled Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration (Federal Aviation Regulations [FAR], VII, 1997). This part has been primarily written for individuals or repair facilities that may be performing some sort of maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding and or alterations. It refers to a number of qualified individuals that include holders of mechanic, repairman, air carrier, or even a pilot's certificate, that may perform an array of the procedures listed in this part. So when it comes down to it, we as maintenance managers must know and live by FAR part 43 in order for our employees to work and perform in a legal and safe manor. As the title implies, this part of the Federal Aviation Regulations prescribes rules of governing the maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alteration of any aircraft having a U.S. airworthiness certificate; any foreign-registered aircraft used to carry mail under pt.121, 127 or 135; and airframe, aircraft engines, propellers, appliances, and components of such aircraft. This is exclusive of aircraft holding an experim...
In addition, you need to be careful when expensing costs dealing with repairs or upgrades. If the value of the item significantly improves or the lifespan of the item expands, the costs might be better off capitalised.
MAINTENANCE: Keep our station and boats running and looking great. Preventative maintenance, material condition, and house-keeping are the responsibilities of everyone.
The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Combination of project cost forecasts with earned value management. Journal of Construction Engineering & Management, 958-966. Sitnikov, C. (2012). The 'Standard'.
Many of these problems occur because of the United States’ dependency on the automobile. Statistics show that when given the choice, individuals prefer using an automobile due to its convenience, comfort, and speed. Also, it is shown that many households have more than one automobile (U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey). Automobile dependency is caused by underpricing and planning and investment practices by cities (Rodrique). Because the automobile is the most commonly used method of transportation, cities tend to allocate all the money for transportation to improve roads and parking areas for automobiles (Radziner). This causes funding for other transportation methods to be pushed to the side. Also, consumers do not bear the full price of driving automobiles because most road infrastructures are subsidized. This causes overuse and congestion. Congestion occurs when the demand for transportation surpasses the supply. Not only does excessive use of the automobile affect congestion and traffic circulation, but it also leads to a decrease...
The contained paper has been prepared with objectives of elaborating over the three different costing methods namely, Absorption/Full Costing, Variable/Marginal Costing, and Activity Based accounting. The first segment of the report seeks to define and illustrate the costing methods based on the personal understanding of the writer gained through the class room and the academic readings. Part two of the report takes a form of short essay, written critically to evaluate the application of standard costing and variance analysis to any size of business, and concludes with a verdict that whether or not standard costing and variance analysis is applicable to each business with consideration of its costs and benefits of the system.
Molenaar, K. R., Anderson, S. D., Schexnayder, C. J., National Research Council (U.S.)., National Cooperative Highway Research Program., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials., & United States. (2010). Guidebook on risk analysis tools and management practices to control transportation project costs. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board.
Are you in the market for a cleaning company you can count on? Are you tired of overpriced and mediocre services? If so, you have come to the right place! [cn] has been providing quality and affordable home cleaning and janitorial service throughout the [ln] area for more than [years] years. Our company has a bright reputation for cleaning exceptionally well and leaving a fresh and immaculate space when we are finished. Our service is unique because we review every area of your commercial facility or residence that you need cleaned. We know what it takes to deliver an dependable, efficient, and timely cleaning service.
Initially, it appears that physical capital maintenance provides information that is more complete with better predictive and confirmatory value by its use of fair value. In actuality, it provides management with a greater ability to manipulate financial information and the wherewithal to do so resulting in decreased decision usefulness, as described by SFAC No. 8, compared to financial capital maintenance. Therefore, financial capital maintenance is the better choice for standards setters.
As the development of aviation industry grows, more and more aircraft crashes occur. There are many reasons that lead to aircraft crashes, but one of them, is because of improper aircraft maintenance. Why is proper aircraft maintenance so important? Proper aircraft maintenance is critical in order to keep the aircraft can function properly, every aircraft part is in good condition and ensure the safety of pilots and passengers. Proper maintenance has many parts. The most common part is inspections, which pilots do them every day; the main part is overhaul and repair of an aircraft; and maintenance documentation is another important part of aircraft maintenance which improper maintenance documentation has caused many incidents.
Dell’Isola, Alphonse and Stephen Kirk. Life Cycle Costings for Design Professionals. New York, McGraw-Hill. 1981, Print.