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Cost accounting chapter 2
Key features of a performance measurement system
5 key features of a performance measurement system
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Company Performance
Cost accounting system: a systm that estimates the cost of goods and services, as well as the cost of organisational units, such as departments.
Cost management system: a system that focuses on improving cost effectiveness through understanding and managing the real causes of costs.
Conventional performance measurement systems provide information to help managers control costs, by focusing on differences between actual costs and planned (i.e budgeted) costs.
Contemporary performance measurement system approaches are far more pro-active in providing information to manage resources.
WE WILL DECIDE WETHER SAMSUNG USES CONVENTION OR CONTEMPORARY PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND DISCUSS BRIEFLY ON IT.
Economic performance: the impact of an organisations activities on the economy. The most obvious measures of a company’s economic performance are included in its financial statements. Sustainability reports also include broader measures of economic impact such as company’s impact on the economy’s infrastructure and its financial relationship with the government.
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An organization costing system is a system that helps the management with the strategy planning while the system plays an important role in providing accurate cost information about the products and customers (Curtin, 2006). UPS utilizes the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) system. ABC assumes that activities cause costs and that cost objects create the demand for activities (Marx, 2009). The key to cost allocation under ABC is to identify the activities that are performed to provide a particular service and then aggregate the costs of the activities (Gapenski, 2012). This is a marked departure from the practice of sharing overheads costs equally or overheads becoming part of the overall profit-loss estimate instead of component product pricing (Nayab, 2011).
Overall performance is always one of the most important indicators of economic activity and every financial report starts with results of annual performance. Performance is "The results of activities of an organization or investment over a given period of time. " (http://www.investorwords.com/3665/performance.html)
Economic: "To operate the Company on a sound financial basis of profitable growth, increasing value for our shareholders, and creating career opportunities and financial rewards for our employees.
Cost accounting system has two types, job order costing, and process cost system. These two cost systems are very different, almost every company uses order costing or process costing. Starbucks, is a coffee shop where citizens congregate to drink there morning coffee, study, and or socialize. Starbucks is one of the oldest and largest privately held specialty coffee retailer in the United States. (Starbucks) Their passion is to discover the flavors you love and always bring it home, delivering the look, taste and aroma of the world’s best coffee and teas. Job order costing is a very easy way in order to help Starbucks managers to know how much profit their company (Starbucks) made.
Process costing System is an accounting expression which describes one method to determine the manufacturing costs to the units manufactured . Processing is typically used when similar units are mass produced. Also process costing system is a type of accounting process costing which is used to determine the cost of a produced inventory. Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) defines process costing as " The costing method applicable where goods or services result from a sequence of continuous or repetitive operations or processes. Costs are average over the units produced during the period, being initially charged to the operation or process "( College Accounting Coach, 2007). Process costing is more important and appropriate for all businesses producing identical products during which production is an ongoing flow. Toyota is on the of the major companies in the world that used well-known new philosophic management to produce identical products using process costing system.
Managerial accounting has changed over the years. Managerial accounting focuses on more than the financial aspect. We will be looking at how managerial accounting affects the business world today. Business also look to the economy, federal taxes, and the financial market so it can make the best decisions for their business.
Tapinos, E., Dyson, R.G. & Meadows, M. (2005). The impact of performance measurement in strategic planning. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 54(5/6), 370-384.
There are two main types of cost accounting systems, job costing and process costing. In job costing, each job is tracked separately. For example, a company that install roofs can keep track of each cost separately. They can easily track labor by tracking the total amount of human hours spent of the job and what each person was paid. Materials can easily be tracked by tracking the total costs of supplies needed to complete the job. For job costing the total costs of each job can be easily tracked. Some examples of professions that use job costing are carpenters, painters, and computer repair. In process costing, a large number of the same or very similar products are produced in large numbers - examples include
Cost Accounting: Its role and ethical considerations Introduction: Accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information about an entity for the purpose of making decisions and informed judgements. The major areas of within the accounting are: Financial Accounting, Managerial Accounting/Cost Accounting and Auditing- Public Accounting Managerial accounting is concerned with the use of economic and financial information to plan and control the activities of an entity and to support the management in planning and decision-making process. Cost accounting is the subset of managerial accounting and it helps management in determination and accumulation of product, process or service cost. Role of Cost Accounting: Increased competition and uncertain business conditions have put significant pressure on corporate management to make informed business decisions and maximize their company?s financial performance. In response to this pressure, a range of management accounting tools and techniques has emerged.
‘If you can’t measure it, you can’t management it’, [Dan vesset and Brian, M. 2009]. Performance management is concerned with the measurement of results and with studying progress to achieving objectives base on the results. Managing performance can tell you what you’re doing well in, and also reveal areas where you need to make adjustments. Measuring performance tells you how far you’ve gone achieving your ultimate
The overall purpose of cost accounting is to advise top administration and the management team on the most suitable and cost effective methods and actions to employ based on cost, capability and efficiencies of a given product or service. It can be defined as the method where all the expenditures used during execution of business activities are gathered, categorized, examined and noted down (Horngren & Srikant, 2000). Once these numbers are gathered and recorded the information is used to determine a selling price and/or to identify possible investment opportunities. Although the principal aim or function of cost accounting is to help the business administration with their decision making and business planning process, the cost accounting data
Performance management is a useful and powerful tool that can be used by managers to identify what areas of their organisation they need to improve to increase the organisation’s overall performance. The idea of a balanced scorecard enforces a sensible distribution of resources and effort across all aspect of performance an organisation is, or should be, concerned with.
In order for any company to succeed there are a lot of things that require to be done. Looking at McDonalds’s, you will realize that the management has put a lot efforts to ensure that the company has incorporated managerial economics in its operation. This is one of the reasons why the company has attained great success that most other companies have not been able to. There are different topics within a company that can determine how managerial economics is incorporated in a company. Spear Company limited is a company that deals with production of clothes and it has been operation since 1990. The company has borrowed a lot of its managerial issues from McDonalds’s. To bring this issues well let us look at how the company
Management “is the art of getting things done through the efforts of other people” (p.8). We all know that the management is not how it was when it was first started back in the early 1990s. Managers have a big responsibility of making sure there managing their areas of responsibly and team very well. Principle of Management is a way of making sure you are managing your work by involving others to make sure it gets done. According to our text Carpenter, Bauer, & Erdogan (2009) ,”the principles of management are the activities that “plan, organize, and control the operations of the basic elements of [people], materials, machines, methods, money and markets, providing direction and coordination, and giving leadership to
What is strategic management? In this study we will view what a manager’s role is and the development of strategic management has an affect on their companies performance. We will examine strategic management, what the benefits and problems are when utilizing strategic management, and how to implement strategic management in the company.