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Macroeconomic Forecast
Pfizer, Inc.
Abstract
This paper is a Macroeconomic Forecast Outline of Pfizer, Inc. This outline will identify main economic indicators for Pfizer as a business entity and as a representative of pharmaceutical industry. This paper will identify sources of various data collected based on economical activity and relationships between different economical indicators.
Main Economic Indicators
The purpose of economic indicators is to provide for researchers and analysts the ability to interpreter economic data. Economic indicators are the main source of prediction of market behavior. They are also detailed explanations of how to analyze various changes over a business cycle.
There are very many different economic indicators that are used to analyze economic activity of a company, industry, country, or region. There are three different general trends (directions for prices or rates) in the economy. "Those with predictive value are leading indicators; those occurring at the same time as the related economic activity are coincident indicators; and those that only become apparent after the activity are lagging indicators. Examples are unemployment, housing starts, Consumer Price Index, industrial production, bankruptcies, GDP, stock market prices, money supply changes, and housing starts also called business indicators." (http://www.investorwords.com/1643/economic_indicator.html)
This paper analyzes the main economic indicators related specifically to one of the largest pharmaceutical company Pfizer, Inc such as overall performance, revenue, net income, research and development, cost and expenses. There are certain economic indicators that do not apply to individual companies, but influence their economical forecasts. Such factors as inflation and unemployment rate pertain to an industry or region and such factors as political instability or any force major conditions will affect the market analyses even they are not an economic indicators. There are many more factors that affect economic predictions and their detailed analyses are presented in http://www.economic-indicators.com, web site for tracking US economy.
Overall performance is always one of the most important indicators of economic activity and every financial report starts with results of annual performance. Performance is "The results of activities of an organization or investment over a given period of time. " (http://www.investorwords.com/3665/performance.html)
The performance usually includes the information for a current period as well as comparisons with other similar periods. Pfizer's 2004 financial report include the following highlights:
Total revenues increased 17% to $52.5 billion in 2004 and39% to $44.7 billion in 2003, primarily due to the acquisition of Pharmacia Corporation (Pharmacia) on April 16, 2003, the impact of foreign exchange and strong product performance
Net income increased to $11.
There are many ways to analyze the performance of a company, some more popular than others. According to the Barney text the accounting method is the most popular way of measuring a firm's performance (Barney, 2002). Some of the reasons for the popularity could include the fact that accounting measures of performance are publicly available on many firms and they communicate a great deal of information about a firm's operations. Other methods of performance analysis include firm survival and the multiple stakeholder approach.
Smith & Brown currently use Budgets and review meetings to measure performance and short-term financial targets to drive performance. Budgets use conventional performance measures which are focused on financial aspects where it seeks to explain the financial consequences of actions and decisions through the use of variance analysis, but it can not identify the causes or the source of bad financial performance. However, non-financial information has proven to address this problem, and has been incorporated in the balanced scorecard to help businesses measure its performance more effectively by providing management with information about what could be causing inefficiency in the production cycle and what could be the source of bad performance
Prescription drug prices rose three times faster than inflation in the decade between 1981 and 1991, making the pharmaceutical industry the nation's most profitable business. Prescription drugs even exceeded the rapidly rising inflation rate for all other medical services. They now represent at least 10% of all the medical costs in the United States.1
...emand for prescription drugs over the next 25 years. The number of people between 45 and 64 years old will increase 41% by 2015. Given the rise in age population and life expectancy rates around the world and the level of pharmaceutical use by aging individuals, growth in the industry should remain in an upward trend.
... middle of paper ... ... Six years later, in 2001, the majority of their income came from services to pharmaceutical companies (Martinez). This shows a definitive shift in the conduct of PBM’s.
The economic forces affecting the company include inflation and fluctuations in interest and currency exchange rates. Additional challenges include technological advances and Johnson & Johnson’s competition and patents attained by com...
Organizational performance results: How the organization performs in all key business areas, including customer satisfaction, financial performance, human resources, partner performance, operational performance, governance and social responsibility. (ASQ, n.d.)
10. Collis, David, and Troy Smith. "Strategy in the Twenty-First Century Pharmaceutical Industry:Merck&Co. and Pfizer Inc." Harvard Business School, 2007: 8-12.
“Macroeconomic indicators include economy-wide phenomena such as unemployment rates, national income, rates of growth, gross domestic product, inflation, and price levels” (Page & Stevens, 2005).
Tapinos, E., Dyson, R.G. & Meadows, M. (2005). The impact of performance measurement in strategic planning. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 54(5/6), 370-384.
In the Market Performance chart, it is broken into two categories which are Earnings per Share and Price Earnings Ratio. As with any market it is important to understand and gauge key performance indicators and evaluate these goals as it establishes the execution for the future. In the Market performance chart EPS; it measures the firm’s performance, and provides to the shareholder an amount of earnings available. Both Google Inc. (GOOG) and Yahoo! Inc. (YHOO) since 2008 continue to increase in a 5 year review as GOOG in 2012 established an 85% increase while YHOO merged to a staggering 1080%.
In order to assess the current state of the economy, the examination of important economic indicators or variables has always played a vital role in the understanding of the complex economic systems we live in. The analysis of these economic variables studied by many, not only has served as a tool to evaluate the current economic performance of a country, but also has allowed experts to envisage and continue the pavement of an economy's road. Currently, some economic variables have had favorable improvements indicating a general good outlook for the economy for the following months, requiring a further individual analysis and comparisons in order to foresee crisis or successes.
Performance is how well an individual completes a given task by taking into considerations items such as accuracy, timing, attitude, and completeness. In an organization, the manager should want the employees to be performing at a high level in order for the individual to meet or exceed the company expectations, but without a performance management system, the management would not be able to accurately make that distinction. With that being said, a manager cannot determine an individual’s level of performance without utilizing some type of performance management system. Performance management is a continuous process of identifying, measuring, and developing the performance of employees and analyzing the performance in relation to the overall
Performance management is a useful and powerful tool that can be used by managers to identify what areas of their organisation they need to improve to increase the organisation’s overall performance. The idea of a balanced scorecard enforces a sensible distribution of resources and effort across all aspect of performance an organisation is, or should be, concerned with.
There are several reasons organizations initiate performance evaluations, however the standard purpose for performance evaluations is to discuss performance expectations; not only from the employers perspective but to engage in a formal collaboration where the employee and the manager are both able to provide feedback in a formal discourse. There are many different processes an organization should follow when developing its performance evaluation tool; in addition essential characteristics that must accompany an effective performance appraisal process. I will discuss in detail the intent of a performance evaluation, the process an organization should follow in using its performance evaluation tool, along with the characteristics of an effective