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The Character of Othello
Critical analysis of Othello
The Character of Othello
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Eric Ericson was a remarkable psychologist, with developing the stages of identity versus role-confusion, intimacy versus isolation, and generativity versus stagnation. I will be taking three pieces of British literature that we have already discussed in class, and take Eric Erickson’s three stages and fit them in with characters from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Othello, and Equiano. Will the characters smoothly transition in all three stages or will they all just fail and have trouble transitioning? To be able to understand the stages when reading them, I shall discuss briefly about Eric Erickson’s stages. In the identity versus role confusion, the identity can be asked simply by who am I? The role confusion, meaning that one is feeling disordered or apprehensive of how they fit into society. In the intimacy versus isolation, Intimacy simply put is how I relate to other people, being non-sexual but as a mere means of communication. In the isolation part of it though, is will I be alone. And the final stage that we will be discussing is the generativity versus stagnation stage. Generativity being that what will one leave to others, while stagnation coming from not being able to contribute and leave to others. Now that I have briefly described the main stages that will be discussed, I will now jump into the lives of character from different times and tell their story, while seeing how they transition into the stages. In the middle ages of literature, I will shift my focus upon Sir Gawain from the literary piece of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The tale of Sir Gawain is a very interesting piece in its self entirely. The story starts off with everyone dining, and having a very pleasant time, until the Green Knight barges in ... ... middle of paper ... ...er to make a marriage actually last. Othello in my opinion is a very loving person who truly cares for his countrymen and his country has successfully transitioned into his identity stage, and being a very loving person who was also well loved meaning that he had great communication skills also transitioned very well into the intimacy stage, and lastly as I had pointed out that Othello being a general and served his country I believe that he has also transitioned very well into the generativity stage. But when Othello had found out that he had been played a fool, he quickly jumps out of the identity stage, and plunges into the role confusion stage. But he remains intact with the other two stage pretty well until his death occurs. And lastly we jump to the Restoration age of literature I will be shifting my focus on Olaudah Equiano, from the literary piece Equiano.
In Erikson’s theory, there are 8 psychosocial stages of development and Atwone’s current functioning is in the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage. However, some people can take longer to reach this stage such as Atwone. This stage is usually categorized as a stage developed in late adolescent years. Prior to seeing a therapist Antwone was having a self identity crisis. He didn’t know who he was because all his life he didn’t know his parents. He was raised as an orphan by terrible foster parents who constantly abused him verbally and physically. During Antwone’s therapy sessions with Dr. davenport he focused more so on the Why, instead of who? Atwone wanted to know why his mother never came back to claim him, he wanted to understand why he was receiving such harsh treatment in a home where he was supposed to be cared for and looked after? Every question as to why, caused Antwone to loose a sense of self identity. Up until half way into the movie his questions were answered and the development of self identity started to arise. This is what is lead up to the current function stage of intimacy vs.
Barron, W.R.J., trans. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.. New York: Manchester University Press, 1974.
Sir Gawain is presented as a noble knight who is the epitome of chivalry; he is loyal, honest and above all, courteous. He is the perfect knight; he is so recognised by the various characters in the story and, for all his modesty, implicitly in his view of himself. To the others his greatest qualities are his knightly courtesy and his success in battle. To Gawain these are important, but he seems to set an even higher value on his courage and integrity, the two central pillars of his manhood.
He implemented eight psychosocial stages which includes trust versus mistrust. One example of the specified inclusions are infants. In order to come to a resolution for these feelings of insecurity, infants look towards their care givers for care and stability to fulfill their desired needs. With autonomy versus shame stage, children begin to assert their independence, utilizing their skills otherwise they will end up doubting their abilities. Initiative versus guilt is another stage where pre-scholars develop initiative by devising and carrying out bold plans. These people plan activities, developing a sense of initiative with others therefore feeling secure in their ability to lead and make decisions. The identity versus role confusion stage is noted as Erikson’s most popular. He characterized adolescence as a crucial and critical time of identity development. To achieve a sense of identity some adolescents attempt to define and explore who they are regarding their career choice, religion, political views, sexual orientation etc., figuring out a way to fit into society. According to Erikson, “the adolescent mind is essentially a mind or moratorium, a psychosocial stage between the morality learned by the child, and the ethics to be developed by the adult” (Erikson, 1963, p.245. As they go through the different sexual and
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Sixth Edition, Volume One. General Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: Norton, 1993.
I believe Erickson’s phenomenological theory concerning the eight stages of psychosocial development was inherently designed to be very simplistic, yet impetus. Not only does Erickson’s work expand from Freud’s psychosexual stages of development but it has improved and broadened the concept and understanding (my opinion) of childhood development from a conscious perspective, thereby betiding core conflicts as a framework to support therapists for making appropriate interventions. Erickson’s stages seem to have built upon a systematic biological foundation of development. It makes sense. In life we all go through stages of life from conception to birth to adulthood and thus eldership. His theory demonstrates basic chronological characteristics.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Trans. Brian Stone. The Middle Ages, Volume 1A. Eds. Christopher Baswell and Anne Howland Schotter. The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Fourth ed. Gen.eds David Damrosch, and Kevin J. H. Dettmar. New York: Pearson-Longman, 2010. 222-77. Print.
The Erikson’s psychosocial stages comprise of eight stages which shape the development of the child in the growing years to influence its social behaviors in adulthood(Boundless, 2015).
Are you are confused as to where you are going in life? Do you sometimes feel like you just do not know who you are, or who you want to be? Do not worry, this is not uncommon. In fact, according to psychoanalyst Erik Erickson (1902-1994), most young people ages fifteen to twenty years of age feel the same way. Erickson, a psychoanalytic theorist, took the human life cycle and categorized it into eight stages. One such stage would be identity versus role-confusion. During this stage, adolescents begin to truly form who they are in life. They form their present off of the good and bad experiences of their past. Erickson believes that the stages in the life cycle apply to nearly everyone. It does not matter where or what era you are from. Take, for example, a character from Bound Feet & Western Dress by Pang-Mei Natasha Chang. Chang writes a dual memoir of her and her great-aunt’s lives. In her novel, Chang tells the story of her great aunt, Chang Yu-i, growing up in a changing world. Even though Yu-i is born and raised in China during the early 1900s, she still faces the conflicts of trying to find herself.
Erikson believed that people develop in psychosocial stages. He emphasized developmental change throughout the human life span. In Erikson's theory, eight stages of development result as we go through the life span. Each stage consists of a crisis that must be faced. According to Erikson, this crisis is not a catastrophe but a turning point. The more an individual resolves the crises successfully, the healthier development will be.
Stage 4 of Erickson's theory of personality development lasts from age 6 to the beginning of adolescence. The main theme of this stage is industry versus inferiority. Here is where the child learns to function ...
Eric Erikson was one of the most famous theorists of the twentieth century; he created many theories. One of the most talked about theories is his theory of psychosocial development. This is a theory that describes stages in which an individual should pass as they are going through life. His theory includes nine stages all together. The original theory only included eight stages but Erikson‘s wife found a ninth stage and published it after his death. The nine stages include: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. identity confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, integrity vs. despair, and hope and faith vs. despair (Crandell and Crandell, p.35-36)).
Markman brought us a theory for the significance of the hero, Michael G. Cornelius showed that even though Sir Gawain went on this journey it was an unfulfilled one, and Elisa Narin van Court told on how that moral issues and flaws with in a human man can be shown in this story. Though all agreed that “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” is about an Arthurian Romance tale where Sir Gawain goes on a journey with test and trials to learn a lesson and that after reading, the reader is left with unanswered questions. The meaning of the tale may be debated but with sharing ideas it shows that the tale will be read and interpreted for much longer for there is always a different view and always ways to connect them
From the beginning, Othello is noble, quick to act, judicious, trusting, and gives much weight to the importance of duty. These are all traits that serve to make him great at the beginning of the play, and later, ironically, become key elements in his downfall. These aspects can be considered the internal causes of Othello’s tragic flaw. “Othello's nature is all one piece. His trust, where he trusts, is absolute.
Each of the eight stages in Erikson’s theory has its own crisis and achievement period. One stage must be completed successfully in order to move on to the next. If not completed fully, an individual might have an abnormal development and perhaps later return to the stage to try to resolve it, causing disruptions to the person’s normal life responsibilities. Even Erikson talked about this crisis and termed it “Identity Crisis.” However, Erikson stated that most adolescents do eventually achieve a sense of identity and realize who they are, what they want, and where they are headed in