This discussion board will provide information on the concepts of using epidemiology in disease control, prevention and applying ecosocial epidemiology paradigm to my diagnosis from module one. Using epidemiology can help control and prevent diseases. Community/public health nurses use epidemiology to better the health of people by identifying and addressing risk factors and ways to decrease risk and promote health (Nies & McEwen, 2015). The epidemiologic triangle and the three preventions are used to control and prevent diseases. The epidemiologic triangle is a model that consists of three elements called the agent, host, and environment. A Community/public health nurse can evaluate a health issue, determine safe factors, and what causes a person to be susceptible to disease when using the epidemiologic triangle (Nies & McEwen, 2015). Primary, secondary, and tertiary are the three preventive measures to the state of disease progression, from the start of the disease through the ending of the disease activity (Nies & McEwen, 2015). Primary prevention goal is to prevent issues before it occurs. Secondary prevention goal is to decrease the affect of an already occurred disease. Tertiary prevention goal is to calm the affects of a continuing illness that has lasting effects (Nies & McEwen, 2015). From the module …show more content…
1 assignment, cardiovascular disease was chosen for my diagnosis for Mercer County, New Jersey. Having low income is linked to cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in Mercer County, New Jersey (Greater Mercer Health Partnership, 2015). Certain areas in the Mercer County area have low income such as Trenton, New Jersey. Having low income makes it harder for people to buy fresh vegetables and fruits. They are more likely to buy affordable food such as, canned food with high sodium levels and from fast food restaurants. Low-income communities have less recreational facilities than higher income communities which are a factor that is linked to cardiovascular disease rates (Harvard School of Public, 2012). Having a decrease in physical activity can cause hypertension and hyperlipidemia which contributes to heart disease and stroke. The American Heart Association recommends 40 minute aerobic activity of moderate to vigorous exercise three to four times a week to minimize the risk for heart attack and stroke (American Heart Association, 2016). Eating food that is high in saturated fat, trans-fat, and cholesterol causes atherosclerosis. Also eating food that is high in salt increases the blood pressure (Centers for Disease Control and Pevention, 2015). Having atherosclerosis and hypertension causes cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, there are environmental barriers that are contributing to the cardiovascular disease death rates among the Mercer County, New Jersey area.
Living in a low income area is linked to cardiovascular disease it can cause physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. Doing aerobic exercises at the recommended time from the American Heart Association reduces heart attack and stroke which helps to reduce death related to cardiovascular disease. Eating foods that are low in fat and salt helps prevent cardiovascular disease. It is a challenge for a low income community to follow the recommended guidelines on how to prevent and manage cardiovascular
disease.
study I am going to go into detail about the epidemiology, discuss the signs and
In an effort to analyze the natural history of a disease, an epidemiological triangle is used. An epidemiological triangle is comprised of a susceptible host or individual, environment, and a causative agent. The host tends to have low immunity, poor nutrition, and a concurrent disease. The host tends to have poor
Without the proper resources, support, and access to healthier options, it becomes challenging for even the most determined person to make a change. The exercise made it evident that Jane would be more successful in her endeavour to lower her blood pressure than Joe would, because of the resources, support, and access than her higher economic status afford her. Sadly, as a result of such an unequal wealth distribution in America, many people are in Joe’s shoes; despite the desire to be healthier, they are unable to control their circumstances and surroundings or get the proper support to help them successfully improve their unhealthy habits or
“Epidemiology is the study of distributing in determinants of disease and disability and populations” (Mausner & Bahn 1974). It’s a basic science of the public’s health and is a measured scientific control that relies heavily on data and study design. Those who study epidemiology focus on specific population and how disabilities and disease affect them. Epidemiological methods have been applied to infectious disease outbreak investigations, but also to studies of longer-term chronic disease investigations. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is the largest telephone survey in the world. It’s used to determine the commandments of many health risk behaviors among populations. Surveys were developed and conducted to mon...
The Center of Disease Control and Prevention performs studies to acquire information about the health and wellness of the general public. Some of these studies include simple censuses that ask people about preexisting conditions, height, weight, age, and their family history and health. They also look to see how certain diseases affect a person’s body and how they can be dealt with. For example, the Center of Disease Control and Prevention would conduct studies of people in different age groups and family history hat already have heart disease. They then look to see if the cause of heart disease in the different age groups is influenced by any particular factors. They have found that the risk of heart disease is increased if a person has a genetic history of heart disease caused by hypercholesterolemia and by ingesting high fat foods, low exercise, and ingesting harmful products like alcohol or tobacco. The main fields that the CDC focuses these studies upon are Diseases and Conditions, Emergency Preparedness and Response, Environmental Health, Life Stages and Populations, Healthy Living, ...
Exercise. Being active reduces the risk of heart disease. You should spend 120 minutes a week walking, jogging, riding a bike or any other activity that increases your heart rate.
Mathematical models and computer simulations are important tool to investigate spread and control of infectious diseases. These two jointly build and test theories that are involved with complex biological systems related disease, getting quantitative conjectures, determining parameter sensitivities due to change and estimating parameters from data. It is important to state that modeling is very crucial in epidemiology since in most cases we cannot do experiments. Modelling gives better idea in e-epidemiology when the system is simulated with various parameters because conducting experiments in e-epidemiology is critical.
From there, “the minimum educational requirement to work as an epidemiologist is a master’s degree from a school of public health. Some jobs require a doctorate” (“Institute”, 2009 p. 23). Most jobs require a strong background in statistics and the master’s degree to have an emphasis in epidemiology. Any growth within the field usually requires a doctorate. However, simply having a master’s in public health does not guarantee a career in epidemiology. Many other factors are required or heavily encouraged. To determine these factors, current epidemiologists were asked how they achieved success in their jobs in a 2002 survey conducted by Ross Brownson, Jonathan Samet, and Stephen Thacker. The most common positive comments were “the choice of institution from which a scientist graduates, the choice of hot research topics, and hard work. For many persons, access to a strong mentor has been noted as one of the most important career advantages.” (Brownson et al., 2002). Many also stated that an intense curiosity was needed to be successful. In addition, due to the unpredictability of disease, epidemiologists must be willing to work unconventional hours. Therefore, epidemiology is not an easy career to begin. Nonetheless, it can be a very rewarding career. Most people choose epidemiology because they
Cardiovascular disease is an epidemic that is afflicting this great nation. It makes up 42% of all deaths, and CVD, principally coronary artery disease and stroke, is the nation’s leading killer for both men and women among all racial and ethnic groups. However, CVD affects one part of the population in an incredibly serious manner. This section is the African American community, and among blacks age 20 and over, 40.5% of men and 39.6% of women are affected by CVD. General practitioners need to focus on the causal biologic and social factors, such as background, heritage, and diet that add to the disparity in the prevalence of CVD in the black community. As well as, efforts to boost consciousness about the associations between lifestyle choices and cardiovascular outcomes must be strengthened and expanded. This multi-tiered approach is the only way to combat this killer, and salvage the lives our the African American people.
One way to decrease the prevalence of deteriorating health for any population is by using preventive care measures (Andrews, & Boyle, 2008). The use of preventive care allows significant problems to be identified early which enables the resolution of the problem when it is still a minor issue (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). Often this strategy is more cost effective and require...
Cardiovascular disease, also known as heart disease, is a term used for diseases involving the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins. The problems associated with cardiovascular disease are often a result of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is caused by a buildup of plaque in artery walls, which disrupts blood flow through the arteries (American Heart Association, 2011). Cardiovascular disease causes a variety of conditions including heart attacks, ischemic stroke, heart failure, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias and heart valve problems (American Heart Association, 2011). These conditions lead to serious health related issues for individuals, including death. Every year there are around 600,000 individuals in the United States that die from cardiovascular disease, making heart disease the leading cause of death in both men and women (CDC, 2014). Although there are ways to decrease the risk of heart disease, the rate has been consistently increasing over the years, costing America billions of dollars in health care services annually. Contributing factors to the rise in heart disease includes the rate of obesity and a lack of physical activity (Dhaliwal, Welborn & Howat, 2013; Poirier, Giles, Bray, Hong, Pi-Sunyer & Eckel, 2006). These articles provide research that answers the question of how obesity and physical activity are linked to cardiovascular disease.
7.Robert Beaglehole, DSc, FRSNZ; Srinath Reddy, MD, DM; Stephen R. Leeder, MD, PhD Poverty and Human Development: The Global Implications of Cardiovascular Disease
Throughout American society today the relationship between health and income proves to be inevitable. It is a recurring theme throughout the United States that the lower your income, the less healthy and “in shape” you are. The factors which create this issue are essentially inaccessibility of healthy food to all citizens, and exercise, or the lack there of. There are a great deal of solutions to these problematic factors which play a role in why there is a lack of available healthy food and resources of exercise for the low-income socioeconomic class in the United States. Solutions to counteract the negative correlation between income and health in the United States can be brought into play with easier and cheaper access to healthy food,
Public Health is the science of preventing disease and promoting health through many different ideas and functions by informing society and different community-based organizations. The idea behind Public Health is to protect and serve; it helps improve the lives of countless individuals through promoting a healthier lifestyle, education, research, prevention, detection, and response management. From the beginning, the idea of Public Health has become a stepping-stone that is essential to the longevity of humans and the environment. As society progresses and new advents are created or modified, Public Health
Epidemiology research, understanding of study design and methods, hypothesis formation, and writing a scientific poster help me develop pertinent research skills to success in a future in biomedical science. I aim to earn a Ph.D. in biomedical science and continue in health science that will positively impact the population. I believe that public health can fit together with biomedical science to find insight to molecular mechanisms and complex understanding of what diseases are seen in research fields like epidemiology. I am passionate about public health and epidemiology foci of nutrition so working on a project to prevent and dec...