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When were vaccine develope essay
Vaccine development essay
Vaccine development essay
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Epidemics Throughout The World Has anyone ever wondered what the world would be like if vaccines were not ever invented during epidemics, it is likely that more people would not have survived. The development of vaccines are the key to new life saving solutions. According to Stephanie True Peters book: Epidemic!: Smallpox In the New World, a vaccine is a live or dead virus, bacteria, or other chemicals that are injected into the human body to produce immunity to something that harms the body (64). Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of a disease that occurs in a community of certain place (P.Friedlander 6). The scientist who study epidemiology are like disease detectives. As detectives they look at the medical care in that community,
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Friedlander 15). Cholera disease was caused by bacteria that had contaminated India’s waters with the disease. A person could swallow contaminated water and have a fifty, fifty chance of surviving. If person is to survive it is because the acid in the human stomach killed the bacteria and person is no longer infected. If person gets bacteria in their body person is infected and the bacteria multiplies plus it will move to other intestines. The symptoms of cholera disease are: diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. The symptoms would then lead the human or patient to death. Some bacterias are harmless but some are beneficial. The beneficial bacterias live in the human intestines that help digest food. The dangerous bacterias produce disease and releases toxins that will harm the host (15).
The Black Death
Today humans must have heard about the Black Death that struck Europe, and Asia back in Medieval times ( P. Friedlander). The Black Death was also known as the Bubonic Plague. This plague originated in Mongolia but the nomads spread it throughout parts of Europe and Asia. Rats traveled with them causing plague to spread to trading colonies (36). Bubonic plague arrived in Italy in 1347 causing many people to get sick (34). The symptom of the disease was swelling in the lymph glands in the groin, neck, and also armpits. Doctors treating the disease believed it was caused by body fluids being out of balance.
End of the Black
The Black Death (also called the "plague" or the "pestilence", the bacteria that causes it is Yersinia Pestis) was a devastating pandemic causing the death of over one-third of Europe's population in its major wave of 1348-1349. Yersinia Pestis had two major strains: the first, the Bubonic form, was carried by fleas on rodents and caused swelling of the lymph nodes, or "buboes", and lesions under the skin, with a fifty-percent mortality rate; the second, the pneumonic form, was airborne after the bacteria had mutated and caused fluids to build up in the lungs and other areas, causing suffocation and a seventy-percent mortality rate.
Sweeping through Western Europe during the fourteenth century, the Bubonic Plague wiped out nearly one third of the population and did not regard: status, age or even gender. All of this occurred as a result of a single fleabite. Bubonic Plague also known as Black Death started in Asia and traveled to Europe by ships. The Plague was thought to be spread by the dominating empire during this time, the Mongolian Empire, along the Silk Road. The Bubonic Plague was an infectious disease spread by fleas living on rats, which can be easily, be attached to traveler to be later spread to a city or region. Many factors like depopulation, decreasing trade, and huge shifts in migrations occurred during the Bubonic Plague. During Bubonic Plague there were also many different beliefs and concerns, which include fear, exploitation, religious and supernatural superstition, and a change of response from the fifteenth to eighteen century.
The Black Death, also known as the Black Plague and Bubonic Plague, was a catastrophic plague that started out in Asia and began to spread into Europe. In the span of three years, the Black Death killed about one third of all the people in Europe. The plague started out in the Gobi Dessert in Mongolia during the 1320’s. From the desert the plague began to spread outwards in all directions. China was among the first to suffer from the plague in the early 1330s before the plague hit Europe.
During the thirteenth century the plague started spreading, it spread through the trade routes of many countries. Many people only heard of the plague being in China, but little did they know that the infection was already following the routes. The were three types of the Black Death Bubonic, Pneumonic, and Septicemic.The Bubonic strain of the plague was more common, an infected person would have symptoms of chills, fever, vomiting, and rapid heartbeat. The person would soon develop inflamed swelling which were called buboes. Once a person had these buboes within a week, fifty to eighty percent of these infected
The perspective the author gives to this book is a unique. Smallpox according to most histories does not play the role of a major character, but a minor part. In my opinion smallpox was a major factor during the Revolutionary War, and Feen focuses on several key areas which allows us to see just how bad this epidemic was and the grip it had not only on the soldiers, but the colonist as well.
The Spread of Disease In the New World The extraordinary good health of the natives prior to the coming of the Europeans would become a key ingredient in their disastrous undoing. The greatest cause of disease in America was epidemic diseases imported from Europe. Epidemic diseases killed with added virulence in the " virgin soil" populations of the Americas. The great plague that arose in the Old World never emerged on their own in the western hemisphere and did not spread across oceans until Columbus' discovery.
The Black Death was one of the deadliest pandemic that hit Europe in history. The Black Death first emerged in the shores of Italy in the spring of 1348 (Gottfried,1). The plague came from several Italian merchant ships which were returning to Messina. Several sailors on board were dying of an unknown disease and a few days after arriving in Messina, several residents within and outside of Messina were dying as well (Poland 1). The Black Death was as deadly as it was because it was not limited by gender, age, or species. The Black Death was also very deadly because it could attack in three different forms: the bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic plague.
Transportation and migration has been important to Homo sapiens since the time of the hunter-gatherer. Humans have used the different methods of transportation since this time for a number of reasons (i.e. survival in the case of the hunter-gatherer, to spread religion, or in order to search for precious minerals and spices). What few of these human travelers failed to realize is that often diseases were migrating with them. This essay will look at the spread of the disease smallpox. In the following I hope to reveal the history of smallpox as well as why it devastated the New World.
The American Revolution was started in 18th century based on the political, social and economical reasons in the thirteen colonies. The colonists discovered the United States of America by refusing the nobility and monarchy of the Great Britain. During the Revolution, an epidemic disease called smallpox was spread devastatingly and frequently. Smallpox was an enormously contagious disease caused by a specific type of virus variola which spread into the thirteen American colonies. The disease was new in the country to take place in Boston, Massachussetts first and by spreading the virus made a severe threat all over. It began with infection mainly in the blood vessels of the human skin and mouth, resulted in different kinds of symptoms for
It was a bubonic plague that came from Asia and spread by black rats infested with fleas. The plague spread like a wildfire because people who lived in high populated areas were living very close to each other and had no idea what was the cause of the disease or how to cure it. The signs of the “inevitable death” where blood from the nose, fever, aching and swellings big as an “apple” in the groin or under the armpits. From there the disease spread through the body in different directions and soon after it changed into black spots that appeared on the arms and thighs. Due to the lack of medical knowledge, no doctors manage to find a remedy. Furthermore a large number of people without any kind of medical experience tried to help the sick but most of them failed “...there was now a multitude both of men and of women who practiced without having received the slightest tincture of medical science - and, being in ignorance of its source, failed to apply the proper remedies…” (Boccaccio). The plague was so deadly that it was enough for a person to get infected by only touching the close of the
Vaccines have been used to prevent diseases for centuries, and have saved countless lives of children and adults. The smallpox vaccine was invented as early as 1796, and since then the use of vaccines has continued to protect us from countless life threatening diseases such as polio, measles, and pertussis. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) assures that vaccines are extensively tested by scientist to make sure they are effective and safe, and must receive the approval of the Food and Drug Administration before being used. “Perhaps the greatest success story in public health is the reduction of infectious diseases due to the use of vaccines” (CDC, 2010). Routine immunization has eliminated smallpox from the globe and led to the near removal of wild polio virus. Vaccines have reduced some preventable infectious diseases to an all-time low, and now few people experience the devastating effects of measles, pertussis, and other illnesses.
During the 14th century most of Europe was struck by a devastating disease called the Black Death, or bubonic plague. This disease was carried by flees which lived on rats. When the rats died, the flees jumped onto humans and spread the disease. Even though the Black Death was controlled in Europe by 1351, it came back regularly over the next 150 years.
Epidemiology describes a disease and many factors concerning its occurrence before its cause is identified having as a major goal to define the parameters of a disease, risk factors, occurrence, distribution, and control of health and disease in a defined population in order to develop the most effective measures for control.
Epidemiology is defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in human populations. Basically, what this boils down to is that epidemiology is population-based. Epidemiology is increasingly important in medicine and the well-being of the population. The insights generated by epidemiology over the past half century have led to the development of a range of specific public health measures designed to improve the health of the population. Epidemiology is the basic science of both preventive medicine and evidence-based practice, and as such is becoming an indispensable tool for clinicians generally and GPs in particular.
“Epidemiology is the study of the determinants and distribution of health, disease, and injuries in human population.” (“WHO definition of health, 2017”). This definition according to WHO stands above all others, it is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events and the application of study to the control diseases and other health problems. In other words epidemiology is finding out what is happening so you can have an intervention on how to control it. There are several methods that can be used to carry out epidemiological investigations such as: