Case Study Of Helicobacter Pylori Infection

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Introduction

Epidemiology describes a disease and many factors concerning its occurrence before its cause is identified having as a major goal to define the parameters of a disease, risk factors, occurrence, distribution, and control of health and disease in a defined population in order to develop the most effective measures for control. An emerging infectious disease (EID) can be defined as ‘an infectious disease whose incidence is increasing following its first introduction into a new host population or whose incidence is increasing in an existing host population as a result of long-term changes in its underlying epidemiology’(Engering, Hogerwerf, & Slingenbergh, 2013). One of the most studied infection worldwide is Helicobacter pylori infection (H.pylori). Agent, reservoir, mode of transmission, and …show more content…

pylori can easily penetrate the gastric protective mucous lining, avoiding the acidic pH of the stomach and moving toward a less acidic environment where it produces a significant amount of urease, an enzyme that converts the urea in the stomach into carbon dioxide, and ammonia which is the basis for the C13/C14 urea breath test: the ammonia is then converted to ammonium, which leads to neutralization of gastric acid (Kusters , van Vliet, Kuipers 2006).The bacteria also induce an inflammatory response, which weakens the stomach lining and allows for damage by gastric acids, ulcer formation, and gastric cancer, thus if left untreated, H. pylori infections have a 10% to 15% lifetime risk of developing into peptic ulcers and a 1% to 2% lifetime risk of developing into gastric cancers(Kusters , van Vliet, Kuipers 2006) In developed countries, for perhaps the first time in the human experience, large numbers of people are now passing their lives without H pylori colonization. This is a crucial observation with considerable relevance for understanding the changing pattern of gastrointestinal diseases (Falush, et all.

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