1. INTRODUCTION
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
"Any one can be angry- that is easy. But to be angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose and in the right way- that is not easy." -Aristole
Emotional Intelligence is an individual’s ability to recognize not just his own, but also other people’s emotions, to differentiate among different feelings and categorize them appropriately, to apply the motional information to assist behavior and thinking, and to use these emotions to take decisions and achieve individual as well as organizational goals. Michael Beldoch, in 1964, first coined this term. It is the ability of an individual to understand the interpersonal dynamics in a group setting. Mainly
D. Mayer, D. R. Caruso, & P. Salovey, 1999). It proposes that ability to process emotional natured information and their ability to associate it to a wider cognition by the individuals vary considerably. As per the model, there are four types of abilities that an individual possesses as a part of their emotional intelligence. They are perceiving emotions, using emotions, understanding emotions and managing emotions.
Mixed model introduces emotional intelligence as a set of competencies and skills which anchors leadership performance (Goleman, D. (1998)). This model outlines five constructs- Self-awareness, Self-regulation, Social skill, Empathy and Motivation. Goleman includes an array of emotional competencies in each Emotional intelligence construct. Emotional competencies are learned capabilities rather than innate talents, and thus should be worked on and developed to achieve enhanced
But the concept became more popular after Daniel Goleman’s book called “Emotional intelligence” in 1995. So in order to understand emotional intelligence we have gone through various such studies related to our topic.
Howard Gardener (1983) described EI as consisting of adaptive skills, where an emotionally intelligent person has a deep awareness of his/her emotions and the ability to use that information to guide the behavior.
A form of intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one's own and others feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions. (Salovey & Mayer, 1990)
Peter Salovey & John D. Mayer (1990) examined EI of more than 300 men and women of ages varying from teens to 50s. the result was that on an average adults had higher EQ. There was a small but constant and compelling change in EQ as the age increases. After carrying out further more tests and analyzing them they revised their definition which is now most widely used.
The ability to perceive emotion, integrate emotion to facilitate thought, understand emotions and to regulate emotions to promote personal growth. (Salovey & Mayer,
Emotional Intelligence, also known as ‘EI’, is defined as the ability to recognize, authoritize and evaluate emotions. The ability to control and express our own emotions is very important but so is our ability to understand, interpret and respond to the emotions of others. To be emotionally intelligent one must be able to perceive emotions, reason with emotions, understand emotions and manage emotions.
(Yoder-Wise, 2015, p. 7). Emotional intelligence involves managing the emotions of others while owning personal emotions. According to Skholer, “Researchers define emotional intelligence (EI) as the ability to recognize/monitor one’s own and other people’s emotions, to differentiate between different feelings, and to use emotional information to guide thinking, behavior, and performance.” (Skholer & Tziner, 2017).
(2013) separated emotional intelligence into four domains, self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management (pp. 30, 38). These domains are then broken into two competencies. Self-awareness, the understanding of one 's emotions and being clear about one 's purpose, and self-management, the focused drive and emotional self-control, make up the personal competence (pp. 39, 45-46). While social awareness, or empathy and service, and relationship management, the handling of other people 's emotions, make up the social competence (pp. 39, 48, 51). These emotional intelligence competencies are not innate talents, but learned abilities, each of which contribute to making leaders more resonant and effective (p. 38). This is good news for me because I still have much to develop in regards to emotional
The scope of emotional intelligence includes the verbal and nonverbal appraisal and expression of emotion, the regulation of emotion in the self and others, and the utilization of emotional content in problem solving. (pp. 433)
In looking at emotional intelligence, this is not a new concept. It can be traced back to Edward Thorndike study of social intelligence (Cartwright & Pappas, 2008). This type of intelligence is defined in “the ability to understand and manage people” along with taking this ability and applying it to oneself (Cartwright & Pappas, 2008, p. 152). The concept of emotions of how one deals with these internally and externally with others was discovered but it was difficult to measure (Bradberry & Su, 2006).
Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify, use, and understand emotions in positive ways to relieve stress, efficiently communicate, empathize with others, overcome challenges, and to defuse conflict. By harnessing emotional intelligence, we can modify our own behavior and our interaction with other people. By utilizing high emotional intelligence, we are able to recognize our won emotional state and the emotional states of others, and engage with others in a way that draws them nearer to you (Cherry, 2015).
This test had two parts; a self- report portion and an ability portion. The test assessed my ability to recognize the emotions of others and my own (“Emotional Intelligence Test”, n.d., Summary). My overall assessment results for the Emotional Intelligence Test was 119. According to the assessment, I am able to comprehend and respond to emotions. Although I have some understanding in emotional intelligence, the test highlighted areas in which improvements were needed. In the next section I will review my development with EI in relation to the following domains: relationship , tolerance, flexibility, self-management, and emotional
Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D.R. (2000). Emotional intelligence as Zeitgeist, as personality, and as a mental ability. The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence, ed/. J.D.A. Parker 9San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp92-117.
According to the peter Salovey and John D. Mayer (1990), “" they defined emotional intelligence as, "the subset of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions"
Emotional Intelligence is this ability for yourself to recognize and understand emotions for yourself and those around you. This ability helps you manage your behavior and relationships to get a better perspective for others. We citizens all have emotions, we use it all the time. It affects how we manage behavior, navigate social skills, and makes personal decisions that achieve great positive results. Of course we need to dig into the bottom of how it works, this ability is made up of four core skills that are made up with two primary sources: personal competence and social competence. How these two work is simple, personal competence is basically made up for your self-awareness and self-management skills (self-awareness is your ability to
Goleman D.(2001) An EI-based theory of performance, The emotionally intelligent workplace: how to select for, measure, and improve emallenge emotional intelligence in individuals, groups, and organizations, Jossey-Bass Ch.3
Emotional intelligence has a large amount of number, which in common with social intelligence. Both of them are relevant with perception and understanding of other’s emotion, oneself and act cleverly way in interpersonal relationships. They are mood driver, a neurological and biological state of mind which are the significant key for human relationship, furthermore they are overlapping, interdependent and multidimensional. Additionally, found that most successful people seem to behave wiser in socially and emotionally, for instance, in the workplace and close relationships (Kang,Day, & Meara, 2005). However, each of them contains and focuses on different elements. According to
Emotional intelligence: This is most difficult concept to understand and master. This is the ability of the individual to manage the emotions of their own and of others. It can also be termed as “steer smarts” which is mostly possessed by executives of the company in order to maintain the relationship within the company as well as with the stakeholders. There are four important features of EI models are:
An individual’s ability to control and express their emotions is just as important as his/her ability to respond, understand, and interpret the emotions of others. The ability to do both of these things is emotional intelligence, which, it has been argued, is just as important if not more important than IQ (Cassady & Eissa, 2011). Emotional intelligence refers to one’s ability to perceive emotions, control them, and evaluate them. While some psychologists argue that it is innate, others claim that it is possible to learn and strengthen it. Academically, it has been referred to as social intelligence sub-set. This involves an individual’s ability to monitor their emotions and feelings, as well as those of others, and to differentiate them in a manner that allows the individuals to integrate them in their actions and thoughts (Cassady & Eissa, 2011).
Emotional intelligence is where we control and manage our emotions to relieve stress and to empathize with others. EI will allow us to to see what others are going through with their emotions.