Emergency Architecture: Chance of Material and Structure Exploration Refugee INTRODUCTION: EMERGENCY ARCHITECTURE Emergency architecture is never a new word. Emergency means a sudden serious and dangerous event or situation which needs immediate action to deal with it. Emergency architecture is one of the immediate actions to deal with the emergency situation. It is mainly aimed at providing housing or basic infrastructure for people who survived from natural, technological or human disasters. From the definition of emergency, it could clearly see that the reaction is immediate and fast. Most of the emergency architecture are meant to solve the most urgent problem and would only last for a certain period of time. After …show more content…
Both of them only last for a short period. Most of them can be fast constructed, transported easily and they are always at a low price. What makes these two kinds of architecture different is mainly because of the social effects and industrial effects of the emergency architecture. For temporary architecture, it covers more building types. A temporary stage for a musical festival could be called temporary architecture, a portable Mongolian tent could also be called temporary architecture. Even the Serpentine Gallery could be called temporary architecture, but none of them are emergency architecture. They are not meant to solve the most urgent social problems. Emergency architecture are really meant to solve social problems after disaster. The best examples of emergency architecture are the tents after Tsunami, the asylum seeker centers during war time and the fast constructed schools or housing after the earthquake. All of these buildings are temporary but meant to provide the people from the disaster a new place to be safe and to start their new life. It has great social effects to help the residents back to life again. The other important value of emergency architecture is the industrial effects. Because disaster always happen without forecasting. So the speed of constructing new buildings are really challenged. It has great industrial effects, new material and new structure can be created and can help …show more content…
It’s not possible to construct proper buildings in a short time to meet the great demand. It’s impossible to build a proper housing with rocks or bricks or the complicated timber joineries. The only thing could be realized is tents with simple structures. As a contemporary architect, when a disaster happens, the great need of building new temporary buildings for emergency solving is a great chance for exploration of new material, structure and processes. Why? The reason could lay in several aspects. Rapid Response. Since the disaster always happen fast without forecasting. A key effect for emergency architecture is to respond to the need as soon as possible. This determines when designing an emergency architecture, how to provide a fastest way of construction is quite important. A proposal for the whole construction process, from material, structure to the construction procedures all needed to be settled as soon as possible. Short Life Span Since the emergency architecture Since the Industrialized Producing Fast Construction. CASE STUDIES CONCLUSION REFERENCE Alfred Swenson and Pao-Chi Chnag, “History of
Both man-made and natural disasters are often devastating, resource draining and disruptive. Having a basic plan ready for these types of disaster events is key to the success of executing and implementing, as well as assessing the aftermath. There are many different ways to create an emergency operations plan (EOP) to encompass a natural and/or man-made disaster, including following the six stage planning process, collection of information, and identification of threats and hazards. The most important aspect of the US emergency management system in preparing for, mitigating, and responding to man-made and natural disasters is the creation, implementation and assessment of a community’s EOP.
According the the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), an emergency operations plan (EOP) dictates “who will do what, as well as when, with what resources, and by what authority--before, during, and immediately after an emergency” (FEMA, 1996). An effective EOP should contain a plan for all the potential disasters for a given region. These disasters would include natural disasters, man-man disasters including terrorist attacks, chemical weapon attacks and even nuclear war. The intent of the EOP is to publish a document intended to minimize the impact of the disaster, save lives while offering a path to recovery. In simple terms, an EOP “is the playbook by...
However, the success of the building schemes relied on the construction methods and innovations that are now attributed as bei...
...plan. All the structures in the nation must be given the diagrams and fitting outlines that delineate the clearing arrange if there should be an occurrence of crisis circumstances. The structures ought to have more passageways for the departure of individuals from that region. After that an Alarm system ought to be strictly executed in all the structures and work places. The crisis catch must be given. All the representatives and the individuals ought to be given fitting direction with respect to the caution and crisis circumstances.
Architecture is functional in that it provides one of the three necessities of man (shelter)
Emergency is defined as a serious situation that arises suddenly and threatens the life or welfare of a person or group of people. An emergency department (ED) or also known as emergency room (ER) is a department of a hospital concentrating in emergency medicine and is accountable for the delivery of medical and surgical care to patients arriving at the hospital needing an immediate care. Usually patients will arrive without prior appointment, either on their own or by an ambulance.
Emergency management is often described in terms of “phases,” using terms such as mitigate, prepare, respond and recover. The main purpose of this assignment is to examine the origins, underlying concepts, variations, limitations, and implications of the “phases of emergency management.” In this paper we will look at definitions and descriptions of each phase or component of emergency management, the importance of understanding interrelationships and responsibilities for each phase, some newer language and associated concepts (e.g., disaster resistance, sustainability, resilience, business continuity, risk management), and the diversity of research perspectives.
With the help of architectural engineers, our world has become very civilized and advanced over the past decades. Like all other engineers, architectural engineers use logic and creativity to solve problems. They come up with effective designs to assist people in their everyday tasks. In our daily lives we are surrounded by buildings. Places that were once a dessert are turned into cities that now hold amazing buildings. Houses, schools, shopping centers, offices, apartments, airports, etc. are very essential in our society. These buildings do not only please the eye, but they also provide us with shelter and are made to withstand hurricanes, earthquakes, snow storms, and strong winds. Would these buildings still function efficiently and provide us with a stable shelter if it were not for architectural engineers? There are different engineers with each their own expertise, but for buildings in particular, architectural engineers are needed. Architectural engineering, also known as building engineering, is an interdisciplinary program that integrates important knowledge from different disciplines such as civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering , architecture, physics, chemistry, biology, and economics (“Building Engineering”). An architectural engineering professional has to master all the different disciplines because the design of building systems often requires the application of the disciplines. Architectural engineers are important in today’s society because they possess the knowledge and qualifications to work on complex buildings, lead project teams, and most importantly, to provide us with a safe environment.
In the early morning hours on January 17th, 1994 a very violent tremble took place across Los Angeles, California area that left fifty-seven people dead, more than 7,000 injured, more than 20,000 homeless and left over 40,000 buildings damaged. Around 4:30 a.m. a horrific 6.7 magnitude earthquake, that tested building codes and earthquake-resistant construction, shook Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Ventura, and Orange Counties with the most intense damage occurring in Sherman Oaks and Northridge. The earthquake caused several bridges and overpasses to collapse closing sections of the Santa Monica Freeway, Simi Valley Freeway, Golden State Freeway, and the Antelope Valley Freeway. There were also several fire outbreaks throughout the San Fernando Valley, Malibu, and Venice area because of underground gas lines that had been ruptured during the earthquake that caused additional damage.
Schonwandt, Walter L. 2008. Planning in Crisis? Theoretical Orientations for Architecture and Planning. Ashgate Publishing: Burlington, VT. pp. 10
Authorities have attempted to implement codes or regulations, but that has proved to be very difficult tasks becasue there are many variables that effect the dynamic response of buildings. One way to try to avoid disaster is to evaluate seismic risk is to look at a buildings hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and location. Hazards are, for example, landslides ad soil type. Exposure is a building's occupancy and function. Vulnerability is the expected performance of a building's system, and location is how often earthquakes occur in the area. (Lagorio)
Human beings are susceptible to the force of nature. They had to make shelter for themselves. Material was one of the most basic tools to create shelter. By development of building construction, selection and use of materials also developed. The relationship between the architecture and the materials before invention of modern materials was simple and generally naturally [1]; in the past, architects always use tradition materials according their experimental skills. For choosing structural materials, they had attention to important factors such as availability (local materials) and harmony with climate and culture [2], although this way was forward with feedback. But this relationship was not continuing simply.
“Architects plan, design, and observe construction of facilities used for human occupancy and of other structures” (The Top 100: The Fastest-Growing Careers for the 21st Century, Fifth Edition 27). In 2010, 2 percent of U.S employment, about 2.3 million people, possessed jobs in architecture and engineering. The majority of architects tend to be civil architects, with about 249,120 workers, followed by mechanical and industrial engineers (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2). Architects have to design buildings that satisfy their clients and protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public. Architects need to take aspects into consideration such as climate, soil, state building regulations, zoning laws, fire r...
Johns Hopkins University. (2009, March). In disaster-prone areas, construction needs a new approach. Retrieved from http://phys.org/news157051992.html
In our days Architecture is undergoing from a systematic change, driven from the continuously discoveries and the other needs from science, industry and commerce, that are rapidly eroding the former boundaries between the natural and artificial. Architects and architecture schools, for long years before, have attempted to capture the logic of living systems, as design inspiration, and to give to the architecture multiplying environmental yields. Technological tools, however, that the architects had available in the past, did their work quite difficult and time consuming. In our days the digital tools, that the architects they have available, are much more specialty.