Abstract-“An electromagnetic brake is a new and revolutionary concept. Electromagnetic braking system is a modern technology braking system used in light motor vehicles like car, jeep, etc. This system is a combination of electro-mechanical concepts. An electromagnetic braking system uses magnetic force to engage the brake, but the power required for braking is transmitted manually. The disc is connected to a shaft and the electromagnet is mounted on the frame .When electricity is applied to the coil a magnetic field is developed across the armature because of the current flowing across the coil and causes armature to get attracted towards the coil. As a result it develops a torque and eventually the vehicle comes to rest. In this project …show more content…
Braking system is generally classified based upon the principle of operation. The principle of braking in road vehicles involves the conversion of kinetic energy into heat. Ineffective braking results in a lot of accidents. Brakes must be able to arrest the speed of a vehicle in a short period of time regardless how fast the speed is. As a result, the brakes are required to have the ability to generating high torque and absorbing energy at extremely high rates for short periods of time. Hence braking system needs to be enhanced for effective and efficient …show more content…
Disc Brake Plate
Disc brake plate is a stainless steel plates upon which the wheel cylinder is mounted and the brake shoes are attached; metal plates that serve as the foundation for the brake shoes. It can also refer to a part used in disc brake systems. The material used for the disc brake plate in this system is stainless steel. The pale has nominal radius of 80 mm and has 6 holes for screw.
Fig 6 Disc Brake Plate
E. Relay Circuit
Relay is electromagnetic switch. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The project uses 12V DC, 150Ω SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw) which has a common terminal connects to either of two others. Including two for the coil, such a relay has five terminals in total. A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil of wire wrapped around a soft iron core, an iron yoke which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature, and one or more sets of contacts. The armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to one or more sets of moving contacts. It is held in place by a
Since the invention of the automobile, there have been many great innovations within the industry. The suspension of the automobile serves as a good example of one of those innovations. Could you imagine riding around in your brand new Nissan Skyline GT-R, with the same suspension methods used to stabilize old horse and carriage buggies centuries ago? That would not serve its purpose very well. Due to the demands of society, vehicle stabilization became a priority to increase safety. Throughout the years, there have been different variations of vehicle suspension systems. For example, we have adaptive air, solid axle, and dead axle suspensions. Without the advancements made in the way we travel and transport goods, civilization could not prosper the way it has.
With a little stretching, the average physics student should be able to comprehend the principles of magnetic levitation and propulsion through synchronous linear motors. To facilitate the process of understanding this complex material, we suggest that the student go through this web site in order. Make sure you understand the basic physics before moving on to the page which applies these principles to magnetically levitated vehicles.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Mass of a Vehicle and Its Stopping Distance Problem The problem to be investigated is "how does the mass of a vehicle affect its stopping distance when brakes are applied?" This problem is related to the conservation of energy and will be investigated through a trolley going down a ramp. A simple trolley will be used to represent the vehicle and weights attached to the rear of the trolley via a pulley system will act as the brakes. Throughout the experiment energy will be transferred into many forms but no energy will be lost or gained. As the trolley is raised it gains potential energy, when released down the ramp this energy is converted to kinetic energy.
A direct current in a set of windings creates a polar magnetic field. A torque acts on the rotor due to its relation to the external magnetic field. Just as the magnetic field of the rotor becomes fully aligned with the external magnetic field, the direction of the current in the windings on the armature reverses, thereby reversing the polarity of the rotor's electromagnetic field. A torque is once again exerted on the rotor, and it continues spinning.
This movement of the shoes forces the pistons inward, returning the fluid to the master cylinder reservoir. Power Brakes (1940s~present) Power brake units used on passenger cars are of four general types: vacuum suspended; air suspended; hydraulic booster, and electro-hydraulic booster. Most power brakes use vacuum suspended units, which contains a large vacuum-powered booster device to provide the added thrust to the typical power-brake. Pressure on the brake pedal pushes forward a rod connected to the pistons of the two master cylinders. The pistons begin forcing fluid into the front and rear brake lines.
The Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS) system has a large electrical power source, which is need to power the coils through the track’s guideways. Once powered, these guideways become magnetized, which repels the magnets built into the bottom of the train above it. The polarity of the magnetized coils is changed by constantly alternating the electric current supplied to the coils, which causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull it forward.
I mentioned on the last page that we must stop the bike by turning its kinetic energy into friction. To do this, the brakes apply a force to the disk with pads. The force of this friction is equal to the total downward force (f) that the pads put on the disk(the pads are usually on each side of the disk and crush it between them) multiplied by the coefficient of friction(u).
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the relationship between the stopping distance and the initial velocity of the car before braking on different road conditions. In this experiment, a car is driven at different speeds on dry and wet road conditions. The braking distance is then measured, and the coefficient of friction is determined with the information recorded.
This paper will concentrate on the disk brake, but drum brakes are still very common in today’s cars and trucks. The fundamental difference between the two is how, and from what direction the force of the braking material contacts the braking surface. The disk brake uses a caliper that pinches the disk, which rides between the two brake pads on both sides. This lateral force squeezes the disk, and therefore stops it.
This paper is a look at the physics behind car racing. We look look at how we can use physics to select tires, how physics can help predict how much traction we will have, how physics helps modern cars get there extreme speed, how physics lets us predict the power of an engine, and how physics can even help the driver find the quickest way around the track.
The Braking system is an important aspect of the vehicle. Disc brake system comprises of disk placed between two pads. Hydraulic system helps these pads to come in contact with the disk to slow down the rotation of wheel and finally to stop the vehicle. The disk brakes are of two types a solid type and vented, vented disk have fins to allow air to pass in to it . The praper aims to study and analyzation of the parts disk and pad with changing parameters like material and area of contact of pad with disk. A vented disk brake is designed and results are studied. The CAD models are built in CATIA and a finite element model is built in HYPERMESH software. Analysis is done using RADIOSS software.
Brakes may be one of the most essential inventions in the developments of automobiles. Clearly, nothing can surpass the breakthrough of the wheel, but the brake system was a catalyst to the further developments of cars. The brake system has also evolved greatly throughout the years. Once considered one of the simplest parts of a vehicle, brakes have become one of the most complicated components in a vehicle. The scientific explanation behind a brake system is very rudimentary. Friction permits the concept of braking to occur.
Abstract— Brushless direct current (BLDC) motor is a type of motor which is popular both in industry and automotive. In automotive, this motor is often used in electric vehicles (EV) due to its high efficiency so that the EV can save more energy to run. In this project, a control module of BLDC motor is designed to simulate the performance of the motor of an electric vehicle and simulate load on the motor due to a disturbance in the street as the effects of frictional forces and the contours of the road such as the downhill and uphill as a part of the electric vehicles testing simulator system. Therefore, control module of BLDC motor is divided into two sub-modules, namely test motor control sub module that simulates the performance of the
braking system slow, so the riders don’t go into shock, but fast enough to be fully stopped before
In my undergraduate years, I have acquired a strong background in the fundamentals of basic mechanical engineering, having studied subjects such as Strength of Materials, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Design of Machine Elements and Automobile Engineering. Whilst pursuing my diploma & degree courses, my interest for Automotive Engineering grew even more having learnt more on the different types of internal combustion engines, their configuration and importance. However, what I lacked was a practical understanding on these core areas of Automotive Engineering. To gain a better understandi...