Background Information Enzymes are proteins that serve as biological catalysts in a wide variety of life sustaining chemical reactions that take place in cells. As catalysts, enzymes lower the activation energy it takes a chemical reaction to occur. Because of this enzymes serve to speed up the rate at which the chemical reactions can occur. However, enzymes are substrate specific. This means only one kind of enzyme will bond with one kind of substrate on the active site, the place where the chemical reaction occurs. For example, the enzyme amylase will only act on the substrate amylose In our cells the enzyme catalase exists to break down the chemical hydrogen peroxide, which our cells create. Catalase breaks the hydrogen peroxide into water and air, …show more content…
Use a different paper disc for each trial.
13.Repeat steps 1-12 for the 80℉, 95℉, and 110℉ catalase solutions. Use clean filter paper each time you test. Record the times for the three trials in the appropriate column of the data table.
14.Prepare a line graph of the average reaction time versus the enzyme concentration.
THE EFFECTS OF HYDROXYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE ON CATALASE
1.Using your forceps, pick up one filter paper disk and submerge it in the unheated catalase solution for 5 seconds. Do not let go of the disc.
2.Remove the disk from the solution and use a paper towel to blot it dry for five seconds. Be sure to dry the tips of the forceps.
3.Dip the disk into the hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution for 5 seconds. Remove the disk from the solution and blot it and the forceps dry using the your paper towels.
4.Use the forceps to place the disk on the bottom of the cup. Begin timing as soon as the disk touches the surface of the hydrogen peroxide.
5.Record the time required for the disk to float on to the surface of the hydrogen peroxide cup in the data table.
6.Repeat 1-5 for a total of three trials with hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
Data
Each subsequent trial will use one gram more. 2.Put baking soda into reaction vessel. 3.Measure 40 mL vinegar. 4.Completely fill 1000 mL graduated cylinder with water.
2. Drop a gummy bear into each of your prepared beaker or cup and place the beaker or cup
5. Record the amount of gas given off every fifteen seconds. 6.
Proteins are one of the main building blocks of the body. They are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. Even smaller units create proteins; these are called amino acids. There are twenty different types of amino acids, and all twenty are configured in many different chains and sequences, producing differing protein structures and functions. An enzyme is a specialized protein that participates in chemical reactions where they serve as catalysts to speed up said reactions, or reduce the energy of activation, noted as Ea (Mader & Windelspecht).
Background information:. Enzyme Enzymes are protein molecules that act as the biological catalysts. A Catalyst is a molecule which can speed up chemical reactions but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction. Enzymes catalyze most of the metabolic reactions that take place within a living organism. They speed up the metabolic reactions by lowering the amount of energy.
7. Using the stirring wire, stir the mixture until the solute completely dissolves. Turn the heat source off, and allow the solution to cool.
Enzymes have the ability to act on a small group of chemically similar substances. Enzymes are very specific, in the sense that each enzyme is limited to interact with only one set of reactants; the reactants are referred to as substrates. Substrates of an enzyme are the chemicals altered by enzyme-catalysed reactions. The extreme specific nature of enzymes are because of the complicated three-dimensional shape, which is due to the particular way the amino acid chain of proteins folds.
Use glassware as directed by your instructor. Place a test tube placed inside a beaker with ice water to collect the product from the apparatus. Obtain the 10mL round bottom flask from the apparatus. Obtain two graduated cylinders of 10mL. On one graduated cylinder measure 4mL (85% H3PO4) of Phosphoric Acid and pour into the 10mL round bottom flask. On the other graduated cylinder measure 3mL of Cyclohexanol and pour into the flask as well. With a pipet add 5 drops of Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) into the flask. Attach the round bottom flask to the distillation apparatus. Place thermometer with rubber stopper on the apparatus to obtain the temperature Start with the water flow through the condenser. Turn on and heat the reaction until the product starts to distill. Distill and collect until thermometer temperature rises to 85˚C. Once there is no more product to collect obtain the test tube of product. Two layers should be formed, top layer of cyclohexane and bottom layer with water. Obtain a pipette and remove the bottom layer (water) if any. Add 10% (5mL) of Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to nuclearize any acid in the solution. Mix well and remove once again the bottom layer of water with pipette. Add 5mL of water and mix well to wash the top layer. After the two layers form again, remove entirely the bottom layer of water and add a few pellets of Calcium Chloride. Obtain a 50mL or 100mL beaker and weigh.
9. Get your stopwatch ready and drop the Alka-Seltzer tablet at the same time you started the timer. 10. When it finishes dissolving (you can see through the water and there is no more fizzing.) stop the timer and record the results. 11.
water and clamp it in place. I will put 10ml of water, 1g of yeast and
3.) Divide your 30g of white substance into the 4 test tubes evenly. You should put 7.5g into each test tube along with the water.
The reason for this is that the energy being supplied to the enzyme begins to effect its stability. The energy supplied begins to make the atoms which make up the enzyme move and vibrate rapidly, at a certain point the enzyme atoms are vibrating at such a rate that the bonds that hold the active site together, such as the disulphide and hydrogen bonds are broken and the shape of the active site changed. This is vital as the Hydrogen peroxide substrate can no longer bind with the catalase enzyme and react. The activity of the catalase is dependent on the balance of increasing
I blended on high to make the potatoes more liquid-like. I grabbed the cheesecloth and placed on the top of the blender. I poured the potato extract on the container and labeled it. I found out that I have to make 1% sugar solution so I grabbed the sugar and measured into 5 grams on the scale. I added 5 grams of sugar on 250 ml graduated cylinder and poured the water into the cylinder. I mixed the sugar with water and poured it into the saucepan. I refilled the water into the graduated cylinder and poured into the saucepan. I turned on the heat of the stove and saw the sugar dissolved. I poured into a container and labeled 1% sugar solution. I repeated the same thing with 1% salt solution by using 1 gram of salt and filled the water into graduated cylinder by 100 ml. I answered question three. In the first experiment, I grabbed four transfer pipets and used it to put solutions into the test tubes by 3ml. I labeled it and placed into the plastic cups so it can stand upright. I grabbed each test tube and poured 2 ml of catalase solution into it. I also tapped and swirled to measure the bubbles by using the ruler. I wrote the numbers into the lab report. In the second experiment, I labeled the room
I blanked it with 2 cm³ water, 1 cm³ amylase and 3 drops of iodine.
2. In the large beaker, put water and boil it completely. After that, remove the beaker from heat. 3. Sample tubes (A-D) should be labeled and capped tightly.