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Effects of socioeconomic status on juvenile delinquency
Effects of juvenile delinquency on the criminal justice system
Effects of juvenile delinquency on the criminal justice system
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Purposes: This study intends to use the perspective of three criminal theories: Social disorganization, Differential association and labeling theory to understand and eventually address the issues surrounding education, socioeconomic status and social dilemmas in respect to incarceration amongst juveniles. Specifically, the study intends to answer the following research questions: Does education, socioeconomic status and social dilemmas affect incarceration among Juveniles in America? How can education, socioeconomic status and social problems decrease the rate of incarceration among Juveniles in America? What are some environmental factors that predetermine criminal outcome amongst juveniles? Many questions, theories and researcher are generated in order to tackle an issue of this magnitude. The raw data that one uses to conceptualize may prevent a strong conviction when presenting this type of data amongst a broad spectrum. The intentions of ones study should solely focus on the prevention process rather than just presenting factual material to its audience. Stereotypes, pigeonholes and over-generalizations should be address. Misrepresentation amongst the minority group tends to produce a more compelling statistic. "Adult offenders often begin their criminal careers as children with little hope and little help" (Comey, 2005, p. 12) This research will try and find pre-indicators that will help solve the juvenile delinquency rate.
Nature of the problem:
Do education, economic status and social problems affect incarceration among Juveniles in America? Winters (1997) stated that, "Crime statistics indicate that levels of academic achievement, school attendance and graduation rates play an important r...
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...on Pipeline'; Poor Schools, Summer-Jobs Decline Lead to Drugs Crimes. (2009, June 10). The Washington Times (Washington, DC), p. A17. Retrieved April 26, 2011, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5031386194
Spence, Ralph B. (1950). Impact of education on juvenile delinquency. Journal of Educational Sociology, 24 pp. 3-9 (1), Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/pss/2263979
United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (The Riyadh Guidelines), adopted
and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 45/112 of 14 December 1990, available at
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_comp47.htm.
Winters, C. A. (1997). Learning Disabilities, Crime Delinquency, and Special Education Placement. Adolescence, 32(126), 451+. Retrieved January 30, 2011, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000465057
From 1990 to to the present there has been a sharp increase in juvenile crime across the United States. From 1996 to the present there has been a slight decline from the statistics in 1995(OJJDP). What was the cause for this uprise in juvenile delinquincy? I will discuss 2 different theories to why there was such an increase in juvenile crime rates. I will analyze the rise of the "Gangsta-Rap" culture in the early 1990's and how it may have affected teenagers that are in lower-income families. Many people believe that the increase in real life violence on television is a cause for violence in juveniles. I will discuss the evidence for this theory. It seems to me that the best theory to explain the rise in juvenile crime is the social constructionist theory. Different sub-cultures of teens have higher crime rates than others because of their interests, whether it be the music that they listen to or the types of television programs that they watched as child.
Crime rates across the U.S. for juveniles is at all time high. Juveniles across all demographic have been punished more severely than those of the past. Contributing factors including lower socioeconomic areas such as the Detroit Metropolitan Areas & Chicago. This paper will discuss the apparent issue within the system focusing on juveniles in urban areas.
There are many issues with crime and violence in the United States, but very few are more controversial than the issue of juveniles in crime. How are juveniles getting involved in crime? What is causing America’s youth to do things that their parents should’ve instilled as morally wrong? What are ways to control and possibly eliminate these issues that affect the way we live? For the past century, criminologists have been studying juvenile related crime and a few theories have come up. These theories have, in the mid to late 20th century, been shaped into models. There are three main models dealing with juvenile crime and violence that will be gone over in pages to follow of this paper: Noninterventionist Model, Rehabilitation Model, and Crime Control Model. In this paper, the reader will see what each model discusses, and how they apply to today’s youth. At the end each model’s description, the reader will learn what I personally think about how the specific model would work. Being a recently turned 20 year-old, I feel I can give an accurate view of how, or if, the crime model would work. Living in both extremely rural(Mokane Missouri), and very urban(St Louis) has taught me a great deal about what really goes on in a juvenile’s head, and what sorts of actions would truly help to decrease crime rates among juveniles. I will give examples from the readings of chapter 13 of Making Sense of Criminal Justice: Policies and Practices, and I’ll conclude with my opinion of which model I believe works best to cope with juvenile crime.
Thompson, W, & Bynum, J. (1991). Juvenile delinquency. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon A Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
This paper will analyze the different theoretical issues pertaining to the modern juvenile court, determine their origin, and suggest a course of action for resolving these issues to the best extent possible. It is important to note, however, that the juvenile justice system alone cannot ever prevent all juvenile crime, respond perfectly to every situation or treat every suspect fairly. Furthermore, an effective antidote to modern juvenile crime would necessitate far broader action, addressing underlying social structure inequalities that breed poverty and social disorganization.
Siegel and Welsh further establish that academic failure and delinquency is commonly found in chronic offender, students leaving school having achieved a high school diploma are less likely to resort to delinquencies as compared to those who never graduated high school as recorded by Marvin Wolfgang Philadelphia delinquency in birth cohort study only 9 percentage of the offenders are school graduates. In comparison 40 percent of offender population had 12 or more years of school as compared to the 90 percent of the general population and it is summed up that school experience is a very important factor in shaping an adolescents life.
In this study Grunwald, Lockwood, Harris, and Mennis (2010) used four different juvenile recidivism outcomes to measure the rate of recidivism among juveniles. One of the outcomes measured new offenses and specific offenses relating to property, drug, or violence. When Grunwald and his team measured for recidivism
One of the biggest problems which the United States is faced with is juvenile crime. The reason experts feel juvenile 's commit crimes is because of risk factors when they were younger but experts still have not found the main reason why juvenile 's commit crimes. Some risk factors associated with juvenile crime are poverty, repeated exposure to violence, drugs, easy access to firearms, unstable family life and family violence, delinquent peer groups, and media violence. There are persistent patterns in the delinquency rate. Official arrest statistics, victim data, and self-reports indicate that males are significantly more delinquent than females. Self-report data show that a significant number of adolescents become crime victims. The NCVS
These factors include but are not limited to: social relations, conditions of the community, the level of violence and poverty a child may be exposed to, and racial differences. All of these factors combined, play a crucial role in the way children see their lives and can assist them in a negative way, turn to delinquent behavior. There are various amounts of sociological theories that can be used to describe different ways a child can become, what is known as delinquent. Social Disorganization theory is described as when a community minimizes the chances for a child to advance.. For example, if the school system have higher rates for dropouts, vandalism via graffiti, high poverty levels and so on, this could greatly affect the child (McDavid & McChandless, 1962). Cultural Deviance theories elucidates that due to children living in poverty and deteriorating communities the children tend to turn to delinquent behavior and isolation. The Psychodynamic theory puts emphasis on the fact that a main causes of juvenile delinquency is a child’s abnormal personalities that would have been created and developed in their early stages of life (McDavid & McChandless, 1962). Social Learning theory suggests that criminal behavior is absorbed and learned through having a close relationship with others. This theory claims that children are born good but learned they to be bad from watching other children. This theory states that everyone has the opportunity to become criminals because modern society offers many opportunities for illegal activity to happen, but one has the choice to engage or to not engage in said activity (McDavid & McChandless,
... In summation, it is not the individual risk factor of a person that will determine if they are a or will be a juvenile delinquent, but a combination of the factors which include psychological, sociological and biological risk factors associated with the topic. Education and poverty does have an effect on juvenile delinquency, but only when in combination with at least one other risk factor. Criminal behavior can’t be linked to one single thing but to a combination of things and only through an examination of can one be certain of the likelihood of criminal behaviors to be present in an adolescent as well as observance of the social norms that govern whether an act is delinquent or not.
In the Juvenile Justice System there are many flaws that need to changed. Improving the system is definitely something Society should take into consideration. There are many holes within the juvenile systems that needs to be addressed. In this paper you would see the different options and issues that need to be addressed for a better success rate. Building more resources for families and counseling may solve many problems. The number one cause of juveniles misbehaving. Is just in the 4 Walls of the juvenile’s house. Rebuilding a family may have a better outcome to the juvenile success in the future. The first type of theory I am going to discuss the ecological theory. Ecological theory seeks to explain delinquency based on where
Walker, Hill M. et al., “ The path to school failure, delinquency, and violence: Casual factors and some potential solutions,” Intervention in School and Clinic. Nov 1999. First Search. Feb 2007
Siegel, L. J. & Senna, J. J. (1988). Juvenile delinquency: Theory, practice & law (4th ed.). (pp. 100, 103) St. Paul: West Publishing Company.
Bridges, K. M. Banham . "Factors Contributing to Juvenile Delinquency." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 17.4 (1927): 531-76. scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu. Web. 15 Mar. 2014.
There is no one certain theory, regarding juvenile delinquency, that can completely distinguish all the determining factors that makes youth turn to crime; although, the study of all these theories and ideas can bring criminologist one step closer to uncovering the truth about juvenile delinquency. Only the further understanding of juvenile delinquency can help the prevention of future juvenile offenders. This paper will focus on the individual factors of delinquency, as well as the social elements, and provide an explanation of how the combination of the two elements may cause children to engage in criminal activity.