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What socio economic factors affect language development in children
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I went to a predominately black school for middle school. Where ebonics ruled over the “white people talk” or what society calls english. My entire life, inside the classroom and out I spoke ebonics. It was my native dialect. I was also under the impression that everyone in the world spoke in such vernacular. It was not until I enrolled in a private boarding school in rural Pennsylvania where I discovered that my original hypothesis was incorrect. One day in 9th grade I forgot to bring my textbook to class. I raised my hand and told my teacher “I done forgot my book at da crib, I finna go back and grab that jawn.” The teacher squinted at me in anguish as if hearing my way of talk brought pain to her. “Pardon me?” she replied. I pointed to a
classmates textbook and she nodded. As I walked back to my dorm I can remember feeling truly as an outsider. It was like I was in a foreign country where no one spoke my language and the only way that I could communicate was by pointing. As a fourteen year old this puzzled me. I was able to understand their was of speaking english so why couldn’t they understand mine?I remember talking to my senior mentor, Charles, and he told me the only way to make it through this school was to behave and talk like them. (Them being the white students and facilitated that inhabited my school). At first I was reluctant, I exclaimed “why should I have to change myself to fit in when they do not have to change themselves?” He told me that the way I talk is unintelligible and that no one would ever take me serious speaking in ebonics. (i never knew there was an official word for my vernacular until then). I simply told him, “ I got into here speaking in ebonics and I am going to leave here speaking ebonics.” At this point I was so sure in making sure that this white school did not interfere or try to change my identity.
“Standard English was imposed on children of immigrant parents, then the children were separated from native English speakers, then the children were labeled “inferior” and “ignorant” (Hughes 70) because they could not speak Standard English. In addition to feeling inferior about their second language skills, these students also felt inadequate in regard to speaking their own mother tongues” (qtd in Kanae)
Throughout history society has created many stereotypes and assumptions based on race and nationality to confine us into categories. The reality is, not every individual fits a specific category because we are unique even within the same ethnic group. In “On Being Told I Don’t Speak Like a Black person” Allison Joseph illustrates some speech stereotypes that come hand in hand with her racial background and how even people from the same racial background and house hold don’t all sound alike. The author portrays that race and linguistic has such a huge impact on our daily life and how society sees her differently to others when they see she does not fit in the stereotype of sounding “like a black person” and feels frustration to being compared
This marginalization is still prevalent today, as Black English is still overwhelmingly stigmatized and discredited in nearly all academic settings, particularly within American culture. Jordan’s demonstration that Black English is not given respect or afforded validity in academic and social settings still rings true today. Black English-speaking students see little to no representation of their language in the classroom, and are often actively discouraged from speaking the language of their community and of their upbringing. This suppression and delegitimization of a valid method of communication represents colonialist and white supremacist notions of language, social homogeneity, and latent institutional racism, and has negative, even dire, consequences for the students
As a result of many negative stereotypes associated with certain variations of English many students have adapted codeswitching. When this concept came up in the book it made me think about my own language. I realized that I code switch quite often between what is seen as Standard English and African American English or Ebonics. Usually with family or other friends that speak Ebonics I use that Ebonics to communicate, but when I am in school, in a
Not only does this happen in the real world, but it also occurs in To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, when Calpurnia talks to the people at her church differently than the way she talks with Scout and Jem. Scout and Jem go to church with Calpurnia (their “second mother”), but this church is mainly for the people of color--which Scout and Jem are not--but Calpurnia is. At church, Calpurnia is greeted by Lula, who starts to speak in a way that seemed strange to both Jem and Scout. The way that African Americans and white people spoke were different from each other, because the African American way of talking sounded more like “slang”, while the white people had a more “sophisticated” way of speaking. Lula and Calpurnia ended up talking to each other in their “slang,” which shook Scout because Calpurnia spoke “in tones [Scout] never heard her use”(135). Scouts reaction leads you to believe as if Calpurnia was speaking a whole different language--even though it’s in English-- but, it’s in a different pronunciation of words. Even though Calpurnia knows how to speak “better”, she doesnt because “folks dont like to have somebody around knowin’ more than they do,” (143). Calpurnia doesn’t need to show everyone at church that she can talk a different way, almost seeming better than the people at her church. She has a character that makes her seem on top of the people that she is
Smitherman is certainly qualified to address her colleagues about the treatment of “Black English” in academia, but with such a charged writing style it is possible that her audience would not make it to her conclusion. Smitherman assumes that the general base of her audience are “White English” speakers that can understand “Black English”. She also assumes that all African Americans speak the same way. These assumptions are her first major problem. At the time of this articles publication in 1973, it is conceivable that certain scholars would have ignored the piece because of its hybrid u...
The essay “RIP the Middle Class: 1946-2013” was written by Edward McClelland. Edward McClelland is an American journalist. In this essay, McClelland is trying to prove a point that at some point there wouldn’t be the middle class and there would only be the rich and the poor, unless the government intervenes to balance out the economy.
Speech is a very influenced africanism in America. A word commonly used today by all races in America is the word “okay”, a Mande and Wolf term that means “that’s it” (Holloway 57). Ebonics is often tied back to african roots of west african language. Both lack the sounds and final consonant clusters (e.g. past), and that replacing or simplifying these occurs both in US Ebonics and in West African English varieties spoken in Nigeria and Ghana. Moreover, they argue that the distinction made between completed actions ("He done walked") and habitual actions ("We be walkin") in the Ebonics tense-aspect system reflects their prevalence in West African language systems and that this applies to other aspects of Ebonics sentence structure.
My social location consists of being a female that is white, heterosexual, and cis-gendered. I have a cis-gendered, white partner and he and I visually present as a couple that would conform to gender identity roles within society (even though we actually do not). I am able-bodied, I am still considered a youth at 23 years old, and I guess I am considered middle-class. It is hard to identify my class as I am both of a lower-class and a middle-class since I am a student living off of student loans and have accumulated a lot of debt yet I am in a position of power since I have been giving the opportunity to go to post-secondary education directly after high school.
According to Schwartz-Nobel, America will lose as much as 130 billion in future productive capacity for every year that 14.5 American children continue to live in poverty (Koppelman and Goodhart, 2007). Sadly the seriousness of poverty is still often clouded by myths and misunderstandings by society at large. This essay studies the issue of poverty and classism in today's society.
Ebonics is very much different from a real foreign language such as Italian, or Arabic. Arabic, for example, has a completely different alphabet, sentence structure, words, and sounds than English; while Ebonics basically uses the same alphabet, words and sounds as English. The only variance between Ebonics and English is that some pronunciations of words and grammar are somewhat different. There have been many opinions about the use of Ebonics as it vaguely different from Standard English. John Baugh argues that Ebonics is not “proper English”. When he was about four years old the eldest sister of his church told him ‘‘you sho’ is a fine young man.’’ To which he replied, ‘‘are! You are a fine young man.’’ (Baugh 4-5) This can only conclude that Ebonics is not an instinctive language to non-African Americans. Standard English has been practiced by many immigrants by the way, yet the African Americans wish not to speak it. Ebonics should not be recognized as a language at all. It is a dialect that some African Americans use to communicate with each other more effectively. Though it is not proper English, Ebonics is still used as a primary dialect in many African American homes. This is the reason to educate the youth of today. Ebonics should not be taught in school at all. Professional work places should also use only Standard English to encourage the practice of proper
Most Americans hold strong feelings towards the term ‘Ebonics’; some adopt an attitude of condescension, while others are outright infuriated with the concept. To most, Ebonics has a very negative connotation; it implies lower-class, ignorance, and laziness. In some circles, slang and Ebonics are often used interchangeably. Some even believe that it is another language altogether, one that should be stamped out for good. It is seen as a bastardization of “proper” English. John R. Rickford’s article, Suite for Ebony and Phonics, argues that these ideas are false, and perpetuate harmful stereotypes about the community that holds
while average American chief executive officer earned 42 times as much as the low-level employees, currently the top managers make 531 times higher than the average workers. The class struggles that Marx described in his economic theories played a critical role in widening the income gap (Royce, 2015). The existing economic policies such as free trade mean that the high class can quickly supply their products throughout the world. On the other hand, the low-income households mainly benefit from the increased competition that forces the local firms to reduce the prices for their products. However, such advantages do not impact directly on the disadvantaged families’ wealth stators.
The change in our society from having rich, middle, and poor economic statuses has caused our society to crumble. The increase of low waged workers has increased tremendously. The decline in wages cause parents to work 2-3 jobs just to make the bills, which in turn has caused parents and children’s relationships to fail, which also in turn cause the children to have behavioral issues, which in turn cause violence rates to increase. Every time you turn on the television, all you observe and hear about is violence in our world. Our society is crumbling out of control due to the low wage jobs and inequality of wages among workers and if not addressed and improved our future will not survive.
The topic of dialects is one which linguistic anthropologists have spent much time studying. Distinctions made between an actual language, a sub-standard variety of that language and an actual dialect are often unclear and the topic of much debate. Recently in the United States there have been many discussions about Ebonics, or Black English. It has been argued that Ebonics is simply a sub-standard form and degradation of English, while others feel that it should be recognized as an African influenced English dialect. One of the most recognizable forms of African-influenced English is that spoken by the people of Jamaica. Linguists and sociologists alike have studied the formation of this dialect over the years, because it is a prime example of language development resulting from cultural influences. By looking at the development of Jamaican speech from a historical perspective we are able to see exactly how the culture of this island has influenced the evolution of this dialect.