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Effects of childhood abuse to adulthood
Psychological effects of child abuse factors
Link between child abuse and mental health issues
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Does sexual abuse or traumatic events in early childhood contributes to ones lack of awareness? In the article, "Exploring the relation between mindfulness, early childhood maltreatment, and temperamental traits", studies the correlation between mindfulness and temperamental traits. A brief description of mindfulness "is a way to pay attention to the present moment." The basically aspects of mindfulness are observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reactivity; it will be used to if there are relations between emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. The hypothesis of the article is "temperamental traits would negatively be associated with mindfulness and neuroticism to
have moderating effects on the association between childhood trauma and mindfulness."
McCoy, M. L., & Keen, S. M., (2009). Child abuse and neglect. New York: Psychology Press.
These subjects were tested on the negative affects of their children as well as the presence of any depressive or anxious symptoms and stressors. Through a two-part series of questionnaires parents were asked about their children and their observable behaviors using a five point Likert scale rating. The purpose of this study based on the findings as described in the article abstract is to test the relationship between temperament and stressors as a predictor of youth depressive and anxious symptoms over a 3-month period (Gulley, Hankin & Young, 2016). Although many factors contribute to the onset of depressive and anxious symptoms in early to late adolescence, temperament is often times attributed with directly determining how we externalize and internalize our day to day problems; temperament refers to individual differences in affective reactivity and self-regulation (Rothbart & Rueda, 2005). As described in the article, negative affectivity is directly correlated to internalized disorders due to its link to depressive and anxious tendencies. Temperament like we saw in “Understanding the Anxious Mind” is associated with high-reactivity in individuals who were found to possess
A person is the way they are based on their childhood. People who have a happy childhood, with loving and caring parents, tend to have a happy adulthood. On the other hand, people who had a poor childhood, with disapproval of their own parents, usually do the same to their children or others around them, sometimes contributing to their murders. Infancy is one of the more important stages in a person’s development. Without proper care, and attention, it can have major consequences. Infancy is one of the most fragile and important stages in the development of a human and their emotions. Infancy is a crucial period for the proper development of emotions for the adult personality. (Vronsky 2004). The first twelve months of a person’s life are critical in the development of emotions like remorse and affection. When a child does not receive adequate attention and physical contact during their first twelve months, they could suffer personality disorders in their future. (Freeman 2). When a child does not get enough love, and affection from their parents, they will end up lacking in the ability to show affection or remorse. If they are not taught that from infancy, they will not learn it. Infancy is a crucial period in everyone’s life, and it should be taken with a serious, but gentle hand. As infancy can have major effects on the developing adult personality, childhood trauma can
Levine, L. E., & Munsch, J. (2011). Temperament. In L. E. Levine, & J. Munsch, Child Development: An active Approach (pp. 342-343). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishers.
Wupperman, P., Fickling, M., Klemanski, D. H., Berking, M., & Whitman, J. B. (2013). Borderline personality features and harmful dysregulated behavior: The mediational effect of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(9), 903-911.
In conclusion, Child abuse and neglect is more common in children’s lives today. A child may be harmed and be right in front of us and we do not even know it. We have to watch out for the signs and symptoms to try and help a child out. We may not even realize it till it is too late. The effect can appear in all aspects of life, rather it being psychological or behavioral. These effects can range from anything such as minor physical injury, not getting along with others, or become aggressive and affect them later on in life.
Neuroticism boldly contrasts with the other personality traits in the Five Factor Model for personality (Openness, Agreeableness, Extraversion, Contentiousness, and Neuroticism). An individual being high in any of the other four traits could hardly be considered pathological. For example, high levels of agreeableness, within reason, would probably be considered to be a positive and healthy characteristic. However, the discussion regarding neuroticism certainly takes a darker turn. Gunthert, Cohen, and Armeli (1999) in their study, operationally define neuroticism as a predisposition to experience negative affect (negative emotional systems). Lahey (2009) defines it slightly differently, as the tendency to “respond with negative emotions to threat, frustration, or loss.” More generally, the personality trait is characterized by anxiety, angry hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability (Cervone & Pervin, 2010). Neuroticism has critical implications outside of personality psychology. Some researchers suggest that neuroticism is significantly correlated with both physical and mental health issues more so than any other personality trait variable. This increased risk is not just for a particular group of pathologies; neuroticism has been linked to Axis I and II disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) across the board (Lahey, 2009). In some occupational performance studies, negative affect was negatively related to job performance (Kaplan, Bradley, Luchman, & Haynes, 2009). This may be extrapolated to individuals high in neuroticism, as it the trait is the predisposition for the experience of negative affect. Research on daily stress and coping showed th...
It has been suggested that children who are victims of sexual abuse also become abusers themselves. Children of abuse have a higher probability of becoming a future abuser. Child abuse is characterized as any act that jeopardizes or impairs a child’s physical or emotional health and growth. These acts include any harm done to a child who cannot be rationally explained and is often characterized by an injury or series of injuries seeming to be non-accidental in nature. The behaviors of child abuse can happen in both boys and girls leaving them with severe lifetime symptoms. Treatment is often necessary for them to overcome the actions done to them, but it is not always successful in curing the mutilation. However, the existence of one sign of child maltreatment does not mean child abuse is occurring within a home. Even with proper education, therapy, and validation one has the probability to become an abuser himself/herself.
In this essay I am going to show my understanding of a child's early emotional development based on the psychoanalytical view of child development. I will show how emotional skills gained in the early years can be of a significant relevance to later life. I will show my understanding by illustrating it with the clinical material. Although I am focusing on the psychoanalytical approach to child development I believe that it is beneficial to present also some general background knowledge of child development.
Child maltreatment can affect any child, usually aged 0-18, and it occurs across socioeconomic, religious, ethnic or even educational backgrounds. Arguably, child abuse and neglect is a violation of basic human rights of a child resulting from social, familial, psychological and economic factors (Kiran, 2011). Familial factors include lack of support, poverty, single parenthood, and domestic violence among others, (McCoy and Keen, 2009). The common types of child maltreatment include physical abuse, emotional maltreatment, neglect, and sexual abuse among others. Abuse and neglect can lead to a variety of impacts on children and young people such as physical, behavioral as well as psychological consequences which will affect the development and growth of the child either positively or negatively based on the environment and agency. More so, emotional, cognitive and physical developmental impacts from child neglect in the early stages of childhood can be carried on into adulthood. Research findings reveal that the experience of maltreatment can cause major long-term consequences on all aspects of a child’s health, growth as well as intellectual development and mental wellbeing, and these effects can impair their functioning as adults. Commonly, the act of abuse/ or neglect toward a child affects the child’s physical, behavioral development and growth, which can be positive or negative, depending on the child’s environment and agency. Another way to understand how the act has affected the child is to look at the child for who they are, and interviewing and observing their behaviors of their everyday life.
What distinguishes neglect from additional forms of maltreatment is its inherent omission of behaviour rather than a commission of behaviour, as in the case of physical or sexual abuses (Sagatun & Edwards, 1995; Zuravin, 1991). Over recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that child neglect has a more severe and adverse impact on children’s development than abuse (Hildyard and Wolfe 2002; Trickett and McBride-Chang 1995).
I took a four temperament test and I got the mostly score on melancholic which is introverted and thoughtful. Also, melancholic people are perceived as very considerate which is they were worrying about the events that not already happened now. Furthermore, melancholic people were very creative for poetry and art and can become preoccupied with the tragedy in the world. I think this test was kind of related with my childhood because I am trying to be more extroverted side. I was very introverted in my childhood because I got a physical damage in my right side of the body. Therefore, I had lower self-esteem due to my weakness. However, I tried to think more positive about the situation, because I need to face the fear, anxiety and develop
Developmental psychology is the scientific study of changes that occur in human throughout the life span. The development starts from infant until old age. Childhood is a time of tremendous change, but people also continue to grow slowly and develop during adulthood. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence. These developmental changes may be influenced by genetic factor, environment factor and maturation factor.
One of the most obvious and damaging results of child abuse is death; however, research illustrating the effects on a growing child who has been abused has demonstrated many other lifelong negative factors (Felitti, Anda, Nordenberg, Williamson, Spitz, Edwards, Koss, Marks, 1998). In consonance children who suffer from abuse can show signs of depression, social withdraw, and even violent behavior. As a child grows older, they may suffer from poor physical health, such as high blood pressure, obesity, stress, and psychological disorders and disabilities (Herronkohl, T., Hong, Klika, and Herronkohl, R., 2013). Child abuse and neglect have also been associated with depression, anger disorders, and post-traumatic
At least one type of personality in the big 5 inventory is available in people, different personalities can affect people’s daily life, such as their social interaction, moods[14], the mindful attention awareness also can be affected by people’s personality since different people their attention can be difference[2]. Mindful contains with how people attention to and awareness of the present moment, people with more openness personality have positive relationship with it[1 intro]. When people with more consciousness or neuroticism personality, they tend to have negative relationship with mindful attention awareness[1]. If people have higher mindful attention awareness, they may have higher level of curiosity, when facing negative event, they tend to think