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Organizational theories
Four theoretical concepts of organizational theory
Theories of organization and management
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In an organizational theory, a dynamic capability is the capabilities of the organization to persistently adapt the organization 's resources baseline. Such concepts were defined by Pisco, Shuen and Teece (1997), paper a Strategic Management and also Dynamic Capabilities, as "an organization’s ability to establish, reconfigures and also integrate external and internal competence to focus dynamic changing environments (Barney, 1995).
Dynamic capabilities term is often used in a plural form focusing on the ability to respond timely and adequately to external variations needs the combinations of multiple capabilities. Such ideas of the dynamic capability are the same to some previously existing concepts of the operational capability; the latter
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For instance, organizations that have traditionally depended on the particular manufacturing process cannot continually change such procedure on the short notice if the new technology advancement reaches. If such happens, the management requires to adapt and respond their particular routines for making resources available for planning for the upcoming processes change as the resource in the organization depreciates (D 'Aveni, Dagnino & Smith, …show more content…
As per Philip Cordes-Berszinn, however, more research is required keeping in mind the end goal to quantify the "abilities" and to fittingly apply the thoughts to useful administration circumstances.
Processes
Teece, Pisano, and Shuen proposed three element capacities as vital for an association to meet new difficulties: the capacity of workers to learn rapidly and to fabricate new key resources. The coordination of these new vital resources, including ability, innovation, and client input, into organization forms; and in conclusion the change or reuse of existing resources which have deteriorated. Teece alludes to a fruitful usage of these three phases as creating "corporate readiness."
Learning
The main stage, learning, requires workers and administrators to rearrange their schedules to elevate associations that prompt to effective answers for specific issues, to perceive and dodge broken movement and vital blind sides, and to make suitable utilization of organization together and procurement to bring new vital resources into the firm from outside sources (Teece, Pisano & Shuen,
Prahalad, C.K. and Hamel, G. (1990), The core competence of the corporation, Harvard Business Review, Vol.68 (3), 79–91.
2) Competitive Capacity.-Refers to the competitive capacity for productive innovation and change. A high skills economy depends on a high level of entrepreneurial and risk-taking activities, whether in terms of new business ventures or through innovation within existing enterprises, linked to new technologies, R&D and the upgrading of skills. This is best achieved in a context of value added' rivalry between companies rather than its zero-sum' variety that leads to cost cutting, down sizing and lose of competitive innovation.
Dynamic strategic management encompasses the approaches, tools and activities organizations utilize to determine direction, increasing the likelihood of organizational goal attainment. It is an approach that suggests organizations operating in uncertain environments require a flexible plan to minimize risk and take advantage of opportunity As a tool developed to analyze a firm’s position within its operating environment, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis provides insight into how internal and external factors are inhibiting or facilitating advancement toward reaching organizational objectives within a dynamic environment. This paper aims to understand how a SWOT analysis assisted the Calgary International Airport Authority create a competitive business plan for their future in an uncertain environment.
For instance, Harley Davidson may be forced to change their marketing strategy due to the entrance of a new competitor into the market. Second, Harley Davidson has to learn new skills and technologies quickly. For example, technologies are changing rapidly, so it is crucial for Harley Davidson’s business plan to change or alter in order to keep up with innovation. Third, this organization has to effectively leverage its core competencies while competing with its competitors. This is, Flexibility is required for Harley Davidson to learn how to use primary value-chain activities and support functions in the way that allow the organization to produce their products at a lower cost with differentiated features compare to their competitors in the market
Senge describes five disciplines that are necessary for a learning organization. "Learning organization" is a catchphrase covering the ideal of an organization built on vision, teamwork, openness, flexibility, ability to act under changing conditions, and so forth and so on. It is an organization where people don't just promote their limited region and privileges, but where they take risks and responsibilities for their shared future, working on creating maximum synergy and maximum ability to deal with the whole state of affairs.
As the organization grows in this stage, the entrepreneurs must learn how to manage the organization. It is at this point that a crisis of leadership emerges. In the beginning, the organizational is so busy getting started and developing new products and markets that they fail to understand the importance of managing the organizational resources. The crisis can be averted, and growth can continue to stage two, if the organization can learn the skills necessary to manage the organization.
Selecting a business strategy that details valuable resources and distinctive competencies, strategizing all resources and capabilities and ensuring they are all employed and exploited, and building and regenerating valuable resources and distinctive competencies is key. The analysis of resources, capabilities and core competencies describes the external environment which is subject to change quickly. Based off this information a firm has to be prepared and know its internal resources and capabilities and offer a more secure strategy. Furthermore, resources and capabilities are the primary source of profitability. Resources entail intangible, tangible, and human resources. Capabilities describe environment and strategic environment. Core competencies include knowledge and technical capability. In this section we will attempt to describe in detail the three segments which are resources, capabilities, and core competencies.
Modern day organizations have to constantly change to meet the demands of customers. Workers have to change with the organizations to be able to perform new functions and complete new sophisticated tasks.
The idea of change is the most constant factor in business today and organisational change therefore plays a crucial role in this highly dynamic environment. It is defined as a company that is going through a transformation and is in a progressive step towards improving their existing capabilities. Organisational change is important as managers need to continue to commit and deliver today but must also think of changes that lie ahead tomorrow. This is a difficult task because management systems are design, and people are rewarded for stability. These two main factors will be discussed with reasons as to why organisational change is necessary for survival, but on the other hand why it is difficult to accomplish.
In any organizations management would have to contend with any unavoidable changes that might take place. New machines, equipment, unstable business environment etc. can bring these changes. Successful implementation of the product therefore depends on the ability of the management to deal with the changes and resolve any emerging conflicts there from.
For managers, the key issue regarding ability is to ensure that employees have the abilities they need to perform their jobs effectively. There are three ways to manage ability in organizations to ensure this happens; selection, placement, and training. (George & Jones, 2005)
The BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill accident of April 20th 2010 that caused a gas release followed by the explosion that took place causing hydro carbons to leak into the Gulf of Mexico posed a lot of strategic implications in the competence, capabilities, internal resources and Corporate Social Responsibility of BP. The implications of the Oil Spill underscores the Icarus paradox, which holds that the very capabilities that give an organization its source of competitive advantage can become constraining with changes to the external context. Teece (2009) emphasised that dynamic capabilities revolve around three generic types namely: Sensing (ability to scan, search and explore the external
Is usually considered the ability to set of resources that can be used to implement a business process (NOOTEBOOM, 2007). Capabilities as a key to move from the formulation of the mission, vision, or the value of the action (Caniels and Romain, 2003). All companies have the capacity, but the company will usually focus on some of the capabilities that are consistent with its strategy (Casselman and Samson, 2007). For example, the company focuses on low-cost strategy to focus on improving the efficiency of the manufacturing process while the company pursues a strategy of differentiation will focus on new product development (Crossan, Fry, and killed, 2005). Miller and Shamsie (1996) distinguish between knowledge-based resources and resources of the property based on the barriers of tradition. Concluded that based on the knowledge and resources to further the core values of innovation in companies, and adaptation, and thus to survive in an environment that is uncertain. Similarly, and Oladunjoye Onyeaso (2007) distinguishes between resources, capabilities, and confirms that in order to ...
A Capability, His Job, Has an Outlook in the Future, And Is Confident of a Well- Journal of Management Development, 34(2),
Keeping up with technology is difficult, tiresome, and firms find it very costly to keep at pace with it. Technology rapidly and constantly keeps on changing. Being at par technologically requires extensive research and strategic analysis of acquiring new innovation. Enforcing new technology requires staff retraining and in some cases making employees redundant.