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Dramaturgical approach
Brief conclusion on Dramaturgy
Brief conclusion on Dramaturgy
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Dramaturgical Analysis and its Paradigm Social interaction is an integral part of the human experience. “It can be defined as the process by which people act and react in relation to others”. (Macionis) The home is where social interaction begins. “Whatever patterns are introduced will be continuously modified through the exceedingly variegated and subtle interchange of subjective meanings that goes on.” (Berger and Luckmann). Erving Goffman proposed the theory of Dramaturgical analysis which presents the view of social interaction as a theatrical performance. Firstly, the dramaturgical analysis is one which offers a very unique perspective. Another description is “All the world’s a stage, /and all the men and women merely players; /they have their exits and their entrances, /and one man in his time plays many parts,” (Shakespeare). Therefore status and role are not necessarily singular. Changes may occur due to role conflict (two different responsibilities causing tension) or role strain (difficulty in completing one role because of heavy demands). “A status is like a part in a play, and a role serves as a script, supplying dialogue and action for the characters. Goffman described each individual’s “performance” as the presentation of self” (Macionis). The …show more content…
“We construct performances to idealize our intentions. That is, we try to convince others (and perhaps ourselves) that what we do reflects ideal cultural standards rather than selfish motives.” (Macionis). In other words, we put our jobs or wants on a pedestal and give it much importance to convey selflessness to others. In Belize, this can be seen when ministers campaign and say ‘we want to help change Belize’ it may not be true that they want to but the job is a prestigious one with a very nice income. Although others may see through the façade that these politician present, they may not address the
Dramaturgy is a view of social life as a series of dramatic performances akin to those taken place in a theatre (Ritzer, 144). Much of Goffman’s dramaturgy is concerned with the processes by which such disturbances are prevented and dealt with (Ritzer, page 144). In the Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Goffman developed a new approach to the sociological study of human interaction, due to a mental health court scenario, of what he referred to as “dramaturgical” because of the analogy it had of the theatre to describe how an individual engages in social interaction with others in a performance (Staton et al, page 5). This performance was a way for actors to influence their audience in a given situation. In the addition of the mental health scenario, age, gender, and race relevant. The human relationships observed in the mental health court was analyzed was theorized so Goffman could explain characteristics of human interactions.
The interactionist theory began with George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley. Cooley furthered the belief that we learn who we are by interacting with others by adding that our view of ourselves also comes from our impressions of how others perceive us. Mead then continued with Cooley’s beliefs and developed a model of the process of the “self,” which contains three stages: the preparatory stage, the play stage, and the game stage. During the preparatory stage, children will imitate family members and other people around them, who Mead considered “generalized others.” In the play stage, children will pretend to play the role of a generalized other around them. Lastly, in the game stage, children will play organized games and take on the perspective of the generalized other. Mead also developed a theory known as the “Theory of the Self.” This theory revolves around the idea that the self begins at a “privileged, centralized position in a person’s world” such as a young child who think of themselves as the center of attention. Erving Goffman was the next sociologist to study the interactionist perspective regarding the self. Goffman suggested that many of our daily activities are an attempt to express our “self.” At a young age, we start making effort to control the impressions we make on others so that they form a desired view of us and the situation. He termed this as “impression
‘On face-work’ is Goffman’s first essay from his book entitled ‘Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-face Behavior’ which was originally written in 1955. It considers the approaches to human interaction alongside five more essays featured in this book and focuses on the concept of the face. His essay on face-work offers an analytic study which explores interaction as a ritual process. It is instrumental in providing a sound understanding of the definition of face and is a comprehensive insight into basic kinds of face-work. Some of Goffman’s other works include ‘The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life’, ‘Asylums’, and ‘Stigma’, which are a series of books about social behaviour.
Erving Goffman said the dramaturgical analysis “would lead us to describe the techniques of impression management employed in a given establishment, the principal problems of impression management in the establishment, and the identity and interrelationship of the several performance teams which operate in the establishment” (240). Goffman compares social interactions with an act, there is the actors, the audience, and the stage. For different plays the actors take on a new role just as with varying groups someone might portray themselves
Brecht, Bertolt. Brecht on Theatre: The Development of an Aesthetic. Hill & Wang New York,
Certain characters undergo characterization in both plays. The character that struck me from “A Doll’s House” by Henrik Ibsen was Nora; which in this case is the main character. From the “The Crucibles” by Arthur Miller the character that stood out to me with her independence was Elizabeth. Both of these characters have their own personality, which we can establish through the stage directions and quotes in the play.
It views society as an active influence affecting everyday social interactions. Individuals manipulate symbols and create their social worlds through interactions that are maintained by a shared understanding of everyday behavior. Unlike functionalist and conflict theorists, integrationists view human interaction on a micro level and generalize about everyday social interactions in order to explain society as a whole. In interactionism, humans are viewed as living in a meaningful world of objects like symbols that play an important role in communication. Symbolic interaction is known as nonverbal communication, which includes facial expressions and many other gestures that are shared amongst all members of society. Erving Goffman came up with a popular method of interactionism that is called the dramaturgical approach. It compares everyday life in a theatre because just like actors, individuals only present certain features of their personality depending on the setting of environment. Thus, interactionism consists of communication and interaction on a micro level to understand the larger macro phenomena (Schaefer
Adler, Ronald B., Lawrence B. Rosenfeld, and Russell F. Proctor II. Interplay. The Process of Interpersonal Communication. 12th ed. New York: Oxford UP, 2013. Print.
For this paper, I will be focusing on Erving Goffman’s concept of dramaturgy. Erving Goffman was a sociologist who studied social interaction, and is well known for his work on ‘the self.’ His book, Presentation of Self, continues to be an important and relevant book in sociology since it explains by social interaction within humans is important. In his theory, Goffman explains that people are like actors performing on a stage because of how they live their lives. Drama is used as a metaphor for how an individual presents their self to society. In his work, Goffman explains that ‘the self’ is the result of the dramatic interaction between the actor and the audience he or she performs to. There are many aspects of how an individual performs his or her ‘self’.
An example of this could be how a boy is a son to his father or Obama being a president, those are statuses. Within someone’s status, there is a certain way the person is expected to act to live up to the status they hold, this is called a role. The role the person performs while holding a status (Macionis, Jansson, Benoit 2014:89). A role is defined as a “behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status” (Macionis, Jansson, Benoit 2014:89). Best example of this would be a teacher and their role to educate the students. Currently the status I am holding is being a Marianopolis student. I could say I am a student but the reasons for being specific is because the school you attend as a student can make a huge difference in role expectations. You’re considered a student in high school and college but in college you have higher expectations especially in Marianopolis where it is more competitive. Furthermore, my role is to attend all my classes, stay on top of everything and pass everything. As a marianopolis student, it can be quite difficult; your role expectations can lead one to behave
The light and dark imagery that Shakespeare uses in this passage describes Juliet as a young and eager lover. Romeo associates Juliet with light meaning goodness. Then Romeo says that Juliet looks like the excellent night. The night that Romeo speaks of represents Rosaline. Romeo basically says through with light and dark imagery, that Juliet is as good as Rosaline to love. Romeo then compares Juliet to a "winged messenger of heaven" who filled with lightness and goodness. He says that all humans look upon this kindness as the messenger "bestrides the lazy puffing clouds" while doing his errands. Romeo explains using this imagery that everyone looks at Juliet because she gives off a stunning and intricate outlook.
EXPOSITION: Orsino expresses his love for Olivia: While Olivia is mourning for her dead brother; Orsino falls in love with her. He is trying to get her to marry him but she refuses. Since she mourns for the loss of her brother for seven years, Olivia will not see anybody who seeks a relationship with her.
According to Erving Goffman’s performances theory, the way we interpret ourselves is similar to a theater in which we are all actors on a stage playing a variety of roles. The way in which we act in front of a group of observers or audience is our performance. Goffman introduces the idea that we are always performing for our observers like actors performing on a stage. The impression that we give off to an audience in a scenario is the actor’s front. You can compare an actor’s front to a script. Certain scenarios have scripts that suggest the actor how he or she should behave in every situation. The setting for the performances includes the location and scenery in which the acing takes place.
In Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare, love, fancy, and wonder drives the characters world to change. If the presence of love, fancy, or wonder wasn 't there, no one would do anything. There would never be the resolution in Act 5, Scene 1. In comedy, the play starts in chaos and then progressively changes into a resolution, humorously coming to the end result. The moment of resolution is when the disguise of Viola/Cesario is lifted. When Viola’s true identity is shown, everything suddenly makes sense to the other characters. This introduces an understanding to all the misunderstood events leading up to this resolution, making this ironic story come to a close. In Twelfth Night, irony, the factors that drive Illyria,
Drama is an integral part of Literature of any language. Dictionary.com defines drama as “a composition in prose or verse presenting in dialogue or pantomime a story involving conflict or contrast of character, especially one intended to be acted on the stage.” Of all fictional forms, drama comes closest to virtual record of speech. It relies on imitating the language of everyday speech as well as the encounters and interaction of speech: lying, confronting, prevaricating, concealing, admitting, proclaiming, and a wealth of other social/linguistic interactions.