Domestic Animals and the Land Ethic: A Response to J. Baird Callicott
Preface
Both “Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Quick Divorce” by Mark Sagoff and “All Animals Are Equal” by Peter Singer seem to ignore a fundamental defining characteristic of animals, namely their level of domestication. These two essays’ assumptions and exclusions inspired me to think more about domestication. Partially through the process of brainstorming and outlining my arguments, I read “Animal Liberation: A Triangular Affair” by J. Baird Callicott, which at the very least dealt with domestication, but I found that his version of the land ethic dealt with wild animals better than with domesticated animals.
Abstract
A certain state of nature existed for much of the history of the earth where ecosystems and species competed and selected for/against each other, causing evolutionary change. At the point where humans started to domesticate other creatures (by selecting based on simplified understandings of characteristics which was different from those previously selected for), a new era began. This new era created new ethical questions because we developed an inter-species relationship previously non-existent. J. Baird Callicott’s extension of Aldo Leopold’s land ethic addresses a possible ethic toward wild and domestic animals, but doesn’t sufficiently examine why we should treat domestic animals differently than humans and wild animals. Accepting Callicott’s ethic toward wild animals, I argue that domestic animals have evolved to become members in the human ecosystem and should be treated in that way, rather than eliminated (Callicott), treated poorly (factory farms), or liberated (animals libera...
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... to be a part of the human community and should therefore be treated not like humans, but instead as animal members of this ecosystem.
Paper Bibliography
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Singer, Peter. “All Animals Are Equal” in Environmental Ethics edited by David Schmidtz and Elizabeth Willott. Oxford University Press, New York. 2002. p. 17-27.
In 1973, Dr. Kenso Kase created Kinesiology Tape (KT-Tape) in order to reduce physiology effects such as pain, joint misalignment, and to further support the range of motion in muscles (Kase et al., 1998). Since then the fields of physical and alternative therapy have been using it to complement their patient’s exercise programs. This form of treatment has been found promising for sport injuries and musculoskeletal disorders, but also as treatment for side effects of cancer (Smykla, 2013).
Kohak, Erazim V. "Part II." The Green Halo: a Bird's-eye View of Ecological Ethics. Chicago,
Jazz music prospered in the 1940’s and 1950’s. Jazz was created by African Americans to represent pain and suffering and also represented the adversity that racial tension brought. (Scholastic) African American performers like Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie “Bird” Parker came to be recognized for their ability to overcome “race relati...
As I have progressed through this class, my already strong interest in animal ethics has grown substantially. The animal narratives that we have read for this course and their discussion have prompted me to think more deeply about mankind’s treatment of our fellow animals, including how my actions impact Earth’s countless other creatures. It is all too easy to separate one’s ethical perspective and personal philosophy from one’s actions, and so after coming to the conclusion that meat was not something that was worth killing for to me, I became a vegetarian. The trigger for this change (one that I had attempted before, I might add) was in the many stories of animal narratives and their inseparable discussion of the morality in how we treat animals. I will discuss the messages and lessons that the readings have presented on animal ethics, particularly in The Island of Doctor Moreau, The Dead Body and the Living Brain, Rachel in Love, My Friend the Pig, and It Was a Different Day When They Killed the Pig. These stories are particularly relevant to the topic of animal ethics and what constitutes moral treatment of animals, each carrying important lessons on different facets the vast subject of animal ethics.
Wyckoff, Jason, and M.A Bertz. "The Animal Rights Debate: Abolition or Regulation? - By Gary L. Francione & Robert Garner." Journal of Applied Philosophy 28.4 (2011): 414-16. Print.
Consequently this study conclude that KT is a not a ‘must have accessory’ but rather an accessory that is good to have. If the patient and athlete felt KT does help them in their treatment or sport performance, they could continue using KT as there are no studies found the application of KT to have any adverse effect. This study also recommend that patient should stick to the most effective treatment modalities a
Jazz brought together individuals, who had the common goal of making music. This was especially true when evaluating the African American population. They knew that they had to bond together in order to survive the constant discrimination they faced each and every day, and jazz seemed to help them unite on a deeper level as they expressed all of their feelings through song. On top of that, each musician involved in a jazz band brought something unique to the table, and this diversity make some incredible things happen through the various instruments and notes being played. While playing, these musicians soon began improvising and playing “off the cuff” (Vernick, 2009). But in order for this technique to work out successfully, the individuals in jazz groups had to trust one another and embrace the uncertainty about what was going on. It was a requirement that members had to listen to one another very carefully and work together to create something powerful. Jazz brought a whole new meaning to the whole idea of collaboration; it helped them survive and
Jazz music is one of the only musical genres originally developed in the United States. Almost all other forms of music come from other parts of the world, obviously predating the creation of the jazz. This is perhaps why jazz music is one of the most diverse, original, spontaneous, and wild forms of music. Jazz music draws from a rich history of African, Latin American, and European influences. Jazz was created at time in which women in the United States were making great progress in securing equal rights. However, this progressive form of music still held fast to deep seated discrimination against allowing the involvement of women.
Overall, there are so many women who have made great contributions to jazz. Fitzgerald, Hardin and Williams are just a few that overcame sexism to peruse their dreams. With this accomplishment women gained power, freedom and changed jazz forever.
Even though jazz was associated with interracial sex and illegal drugs, jazz made a great influence on society, because it was the prayers and answer to the hard tim...
Just before World War I, the Creole band toured around the country as part of a vaudeville company. This introduced Jazz to many parts of the country. Even though, the Creole band was one of the first Jazz bands to make a record, it wasn’t until 1917, when the original Dixieland Jazz band would lay down the first example of New Orleans style Jazz. Another musician is Louis Armstrong, and he was one of the best Jazz musicians of his time. He preferred doing improvisation, and he had some of the best improvisations that there ever was (“History of Jazz”, np).
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Louis Armstrong 1901-1971, Billie Holiday 1915-1959, Sonny Rollins 1930-Present, Sarah Vaughan 1924-1990, Frank Sinatra 1915-1998, All of these people were/are famous for creating Jazz Music. Most of them colored men, Billie and Sarah were some of the very few famous female jazz artists. Frank Sinatra Was famously known for Stardust. But if you look up Famous Jazz Artists you will mainly find Colored Men Unfortunately Most of them Have passed away but you can still find their and listen to their music and remember who they were just from their music. There are only 6 Famous Jazz Musicians left alive, Meaning that Jazz music needs a reboot because when those 6 Musicians Pass away who are we going to have to play jazz songs in the streets or at concerts or at