Dna Repair Research Paper

528 Words2 Pages

DNA repair pathways are a major factor in genomic stability because they help to repair the damage done to the DNA. If DNA damage is not fixed it can expose individuals to an increased risk of tumorigenesis. There are multiple pathways within the cell that respond to these errors that can be made. These pathways work in such a way that they recruit DNA repair processes in hopes of fixing the issue and if the issue is not resolved apoptosis will be initiated. DNA damage response includes mediators, transducers, and effector proteins. These DNA repair pathways can include nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, and DNA double-strand break repair. Nucleotide excision repair involves multiple proteins that replace nucleotides that are modified with …show more content…

Three types of nucleotide excision repair include differentiation repair, transcription coupled repair, and global genomic repair. In diseases such as xeroderma pigmentosum, there are functional defects in nucleotide excision repair proteins. Base excision repair replaces modified bases through deamination, methylation, or oxidation with correct bases. These modified bases are then removed by enzymes. The remaining ends are ligated by ligase enzymes. Mismatch repair removes mismatched bases caused from insertion, deletion, and replication errors. Two proteins that are incorporated in this process to recognize the mismatched bases in prokaryotes are MutS and MutL. The mismatched base pairs are removed and excised and then the missing nucleotides are synthesized by polymerase δ enzyme. There are two pathways in DNA double strand break repair. There is nonhomologous end joining and homologous repair. In nonhomologous end joining the ends of the broken strands of DNA are ligated. This pathway is seen as an error-prone pathway because it lacks a homologous sequence control system. Homologous repair is error free. The pathway that is used depends on the protein that interacts

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